Meta Patent | Force canceling speaker
Patent: Force canceling speaker
Patent PDF: 20240284096
Publication Number: 20240284096
Publication Date: 2024-08-22
Assignee: Meta Platforms Technologies
Abstract
Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a speaker system that uses a single driver that results in both force and moment canceling. The speaker system can be mounted within a structure, such as a head mounted display. The speaker system includes a first moving mass, including a sound-producing diaphragm, connected by a primary suspension to a floating basket. The floating basket is both coupled to a second moving mass that controls a voice coil, inducing voice coil movement to produce sound via the diaphragm. A secondary suspension can couple the suspended basket and a fixed frame. The secondary suspension can reduce shaking and contamination generated by the magnet core/motor assembly from seeping into the fixed frame and subsequently to other connected components.
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Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 63/447,210, filed on Feb. 21, 2023 and titled “FORCE CANCELING SPEAKER,” which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure is directed to a speaker/loudspeaker, or a device that produces sound.
BACKGROUND
When a speaker is mounted on a wearable device, such as an artificial reality (XR) device (e.g., virtual reality (VR) headset, mixed reality (MR) headset, or augmented reality (AR) glasses), it may generate vibration to the whole device, causing unwanted shaking and contamination to signals. For example, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) may be included in an XR device for tracking of body and head motion of the wearer during XR use, and contamination of IMU signals can result in inaccurate measurements that are difficult to correct. Audio leakage from a wearable device may also be undesirable, as a wearer may wish to maintain privacy. However, known speakers, particularly those that are manufactured for better bass performance, generally have increased shaking and increased leakage that is unsuitable for many wearable device applications.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an overview of devices on which some implementations of the present technology can operate.
FIG. 2A is a wire diagram illustrating a virtual reality headset which can be used in some implementations of the present technology.
FIG. 2B is a wire diagram illustrating a mixed reality headset which can be used in some implementations of the present technology.
FIG. 2C is a wire diagram illustrating controllers which, in some implementations, a user can hold in one or both hands to interact with an artificial reality environment.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an overview of an environment in which some implementations of the present technology can operate.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a force canceling speaker system used for some implementations of the present technology.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a force canceling speaker system used for some implementations of the present technology.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a force canceling speaker system used for some implementations of the present technology.
FIG. 7 graphically illustrates the impact of the secondary suspension on the force applied to the speaker system housing used with some implementations of the present technology.
The techniques introduced here may be better understood by referring to the following Detailed Description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals indicate identical or functionally similar elements.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a speaker system that uses a single driver that results in both force and moment canceling. The speaker system can be mounted within a structure, such as a head mounted display. The speaker system includes a first moving mass and a floating basket, or “suspended” basket, that is coupled to a second moving mass, and one or more waveguides. The first moving mass can include a diaphragm, a voice coil, and a diaphragm surround. A non-rigid primary suspension (i.e., the diaphragm surround) can be attached to the suspended basket. The second moving mass or driver, can include a steel/magnet/core/motor.
A non-rigid secondary suspension (e.g., a decoupling flat spring or half roll spring) can be coupled between the suspended basket and a fixed frame, which is turn can be coupled to a fixed structure (e.g., a head mounted display or a head mounted display housing/enclosure). In an implementation, the suspended basket is affixed to the second moving mass such that they move together. In another implementation, the second moving mass can be coupled to the suspended basket via a suspension/spring.
The secondary suspension can reduce shaking and contamination generated by the magnet core/motor assembly from seeping into the frame and subsequently to other components of a head mounted display.
The first moving mass can be positioned on top of the second moving mass. The speaker system can be configured to substantially mitigate the contamination signals caused by the speaker that would otherwise be transmitted to the structure that the speaker system is coupled to. The secondary suspension and primary suspension can be positioned at the same radial distance from the center of the speaker system, with the midpoint of the suspension springs aligned with each other. This allows for the cancelation of any radiation generated by the hard parts, as there is only one effective radiator without peaks and dips in the pressure frequency response due to the interaction between two radiators.
The speaker system can be configured so that the natural frequency and resonance quality “Q1” of the first moving mass and primary suspension is substantially the same as the natural frequency and resonance quality “Q2” of the second moving mass and secondary suspension. In some implementations, the speaker system can also include air cavities above and below the motor assembly which are sized and configured to result in both force and moment canceling. As a result, the contamination signals caused by the speaker that would otherwise be transmitted to the basket and to the structure are further substantially mitigated.
Embodiments of the disclosed technology may include or be implemented in conjunction with an artificial reality system. Artificial reality or extra reality (XR) is a form of reality that has been adjusted in some manner before presentation to a user, which may include, e.g., virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), hybrid reality, or some combination and/or derivatives thereof. Artificial reality content may include completely generated content or generated content combined with captured content (e.g., real-world photographs). The artificial reality content may include video, audio, haptic feedback, or some combination thereof, any of which may be presented in a single channel or in multiple channels (such as stereo video that produces a three-dimensional effect to the viewer). Additionally, in some embodiments, artificial reality may be associated with applications, products, accessories, services, or some combination thereof, that are, e.g., used to create content in an artificial reality and/or used in (e.g., perform activities in) an artificial reality. The artificial reality system that provides the artificial reality content may be implemented on various platforms, including a head-mounted display (HMD) connected to a host computer system, a standalone HMD, a mobile device or computing system, a “cave” environment or other projection system, or any other hardware platform capable of providing artificial reality content to one or more viewers.
“Virtual reality” or “VR,” as used herein, refers to an immersive experience where a user's visual input is controlled by a computing system. “Augmented reality” or “AR” refers to systems where a user views images of the real world after they have passed through a computing system. For example, a tablet with a camera on the back can capture images of the real world and then display the images on the screen on the opposite side of the tablet from the camera. The tablet can process and adjust or “augment” the images as they pass through the system, such as by adding virtual objects. “Mixed reality” or “MR” refers to systems where light entering a user's eye is partially generated by a computing system and partially composes light reflected off objects in the real world. For example, a MR headset could be shaped as a pair of glasses with a pass-through display, which allows light from the real world to pass through a waveguide that simultaneously emits light from a projector in the MR headset, allowing the MR headset to present virtual objects intermixed with the real objects the user can see. “Artificial reality,” “extra reality,” or “XR,” as used herein, refers to any of VR, AR, MR, or any combination or hybrid thereof.
Several implementations are discussed below in more detail in reference to the figures. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an overview of devices on which some implementations of the disclosed technology can operate. The devices can comprise hardware components of a computing system 100 that that generates audio by driving a speaker. In various implementations, computing system 100 can include a single computing device 103 or multiple computing devices (e.g., computing device 101, computing device 102, and computing device 103) that communicate over wired or wireless channels to distribute processing and share input data. In some implementations, computing system 100 can include a stand-alone headset capable of providing a computer created or augmented experience for a user without the need for external processing or sensors. In other implementations, computing system 100 can include multiple computing devices such as a headset and a core processing component (such as a console, mobile device, or server system) where some processing operations are performed on the headset and others are offloaded to the core processing component. Example headsets are described below in relation to FIGS. 2A and 2B. In some implementations, position and environment data can be gathered only by sensors incorporated in the headset device, while in other implementations one or more of the non-headset computing devices can include sensor components that can track environment or position data.
Computing system 100 can include one or more processor(s) 110 (e.g., central processing units (CPUs), graphical processing units (GPUs), holographic processing units (HPUs), etc.) Processors 110 can be a single processing unit or multiple processing units in a device or distributed across multiple devices (e.g., distributed across two or more of computing devices 101-103).
Computing system 100 can include one or more input devices 120 that provide input to the processors 110, notifying them of actions. The actions can be mediated by a hardware controller that interprets the signals received from the input device and communicates the information to the processors 110 using a communication protocol. Each input device 120 can include, for example, a mouse, a keyboard, a touchscreen, a touchpad, a wearable input device (e.g., a haptics glove, a bracelet, a ring, an earring, a necklace, a watch, etc.), a camera (or other light-based input device, e.g., an infrared sensor), a microphone, or other user input devices.
Processors 110 can be coupled to other hardware devices, for example, with the use of an internal or external bus, such as a PCI bus, SCSI bus, or wireless connection. The processors 110 can communicate with a hardware controller for devices, such as for a display 130. Display 130 can be used to display text and graphics. In some implementations, display 130 includes the input device as part of the display, such as when the input device is a touchscreen or is equipped with an eye direction monitoring system. In some implementations, the display is separate from the input device. Examples of display devices are: an LCD display screen, an LED display screen, a projected, holographic, or augmented reality display (such as a heads-up display device or a head-mounted device), and so on.
Speaker system and other I/O devices 140 can also be coupled to the processor, which can include one or more speakers with a diaphragm. The Speaker system can have a motor assembly and basket which together are connected by a suspension to a fixed structure (e.g., frame/housing of an HMD), reducing vibration from the motor assembly and diaphragm into the fixed structure. In some implementations, these one or more speakers can also include air cavities above and below the motor assembly which are sized and configured to result in both force and moment canceling, further reducing vibration from the motor assembly into the fixed structure.
Speaker system and other I/O devices 140 can further include other I/O devices such as a network chip or card, video chip or card, audio chip or card, USB, firewire or other external device, camera, printer, CD-ROM drive, DVD drive, disk drive, etc. In some implementations, input from the I/O devices 140, such as cameras, depth sensors, IMU sensor, GPS units, LiDAR or other time-of-flights sensors, etc. can be used by the computing system 100 to identify and map the physical environment of the user while tracking the user's location within that environment. This simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) system can generate maps (e.g., topologies, girds, etc.) for an area (which may be a room, building, outdoor space, etc.) and/or obtain maps previously generated by computing system 100 or another computing system that had mapped the area. The SLAM system can track the user within the area based on factors such as GPS data, matching identified objects and structures to mapped objects and structures, monitoring acceleration and other position changes, etc.
Computing system 100 can include a communication device capable of communicating wirelessly or wire-based with other local computing devices or a network node. The communication device can communicate with another device or a server through a network using, for example, TCP/IP protocols. Computing system 100 can utilize the communication device to distribute operations across multiple network devices.
The processors 110 can have access to a memory 150, which can be contained on one of the computing devices of computing system 100 or can be distributed across of the multiple computing devices of computing system 100 or other external devices. A memory includes one or more hardware devices for volatile or non-volatile storage, and can include both read-only and writable memory. For example, a memory can include one or more of random access memory (RAM), various caches, CPU registers, read-only memory (ROM), and writable non-volatile memory, such as flash memory, hard drives, floppy disks, CDs, DVDs, magnetic storage devices, tape drives, and so forth. A memory is not a propagating signal divorced from underlying hardware; a memory is thus non-transitory. Memory 150 can include program memory 160 that stores programs and software, such as an operating system 162, audio data generation 164, and other application programs 166. Memory 150 can also include data memory 170 that can include, e.g., a mapping of audio data to speaker driver properties, configuration data, settings, user options or preferences, etc., which can be provided to the program memory 160 or any element of the computing system 100.
Some implementations can be operational with numerous other computing system environments or configurations. Examples of computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with the technology include, but are not limited to, XR headsets, personal computers, server computers, handheld or laptop devices, cellular telephones, wearable electronics, gaming consoles, tablet devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set-top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, or the like.
FIG. 2A is a wire diagram of a virtual reality head-mounted display (HMD) 200, in accordance with some embodiments. The HMD 200 includes a front rigid body 205 and a band 210. The front rigid body 205 includes one or more electronic display elements of an electronic display 245, an inertial motion unit (IMU) 215, one or more position sensors 220, locators 225, and one or more compute units 230. The position sensors 220, the IMU 215, and compute units 230 may be internal to the HMD 200 and may not be visible to the user. In various implementations, the IMU 215, position sensors 220, and locators 225 can track movement and location of the HMD 200 in the real world and in an artificial reality environment in three degrees of freedom (3DoF) or six degrees of freedom (6DoF). For example, the locators 225 can emit infrared light beams which create light points on real objects around the HMD 200. As another example, the IMU 215 can include e.g., one or more accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers, other non-camera-based position, force, or orientation sensors, or combinations thereof. One or more cameras (not shown) integrated with the HMD 200 can detect the light points. Compute units 230 in the HMD 200 can use the detected light points to extrapolate position and movement of the HMD 200 as well as to identify the shape and position of the real objects surrounding the HMD 200.
The electronic display(s) 245 can be integrated with the front rigid body 205 and can provide image light to a user as dictated by the compute units 230. In various embodiments, the electronic display 245 can be a single electronic display or multiple electronic displays (e.g., a display for each user eye). Examples of the electronic display 245 include: a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, an active-matrix organic light-emitting diode display (AMOLED), a display including one or more quantum dot light-emitting diode (QOLED) sub-pixels, a projector unit (e.g., microLED, LASER, etc.), some other display, or some combination thereof.
In some implementations, the HMD 200 can be coupled to a core processing component such as a personal computer (PC) (not shown) and/or one or more external sensors (not shown). The external sensors can monitor the HMD 200 (e.g., via light emitted from the HMD 200) which the PC can use, in combination with output from the IMU 215 and position sensors 220, to determine the location and movement of the HMD 200.
FIG. 2B is a wire diagram of a mixed reality HMD system 250 which includes a mixed reality HMD 252 and a core processing component 254. The mixed reality HMD 252 and the core processing component 254 can communicate via a wireless connection (e.g., a 60 GHz link) as indicated by link 256. In other implementations, the mixed reality system 250 includes a headset only, without an external compute device or includes other wired or wireless connections between the mixed reality HMD 252 and the core processing component 254. The mixed reality HMD 252 includes a pass-through display 258 and a frame 260. The frame 260 can house various electronic components (not shown) such as light projectors (e.g., LASERs, LEDs, etc.), cameras, eye-tracking sensors, MEMS components, networking components, etc.
The projectors can be coupled to the pass-through display 258, e.g., via optical elements, to display media to a user. The optical elements can include one or more waveguide assemblies, reflectors, lenses, mirrors, collimators, gratings, etc., for directing light from the projectors to a user's eye. Image data can be transmitted from the core processing component 254 via link 256 to HMD 252. Controllers in the HMD 252 can convert the image data into light pulses from the projectors, which can be transmitted via the optical elements as output light to the user's eye. The output light can mix with light that passes through the display 258, allowing the output light to present virtual objects that appear as if they exist in the real world.
Similarly to the HMD 200, the HMD system 250 can also include motion and position tracking units, cameras, light sources, etc., which allow the HMD system 250 to, e.g., track itself in 3DoF or 6DoF, track portions of the user (e.g., hands, feet, head, or other body parts), map virtual objects to appear as stationary as the HMD 252 moves, and have virtual objects react to gestures and other real-world objects.
FIG. 2C illustrates controllers 270 (including controller 276A and 276B), which, in some implementations, a user can hold in one or both hands to interact with an artificial reality environment presented by the HMD 200 and/or HMD 250. The controllers 270 can be in communication with the HMDs, either directly or via an external device (e.g., core processing component 254). The controllers can have their own IMU units, position sensors, and/or can emit further light points. The HMD 200 or 250, external sensors, or sensors in the controllers can track these controller light points to determine the controller positions and/or orientations (e.g., to track the controllers in 3DoF or 6DoF). The compute units 230 in the HMD 200 or the core processing component 254 can use this tracking, in combination with IMU and position output, to monitor hand positions and motions of the user. The controllers can also include various buttons (e.g., buttons 272A-F) and/or joysticks (e.g., joysticks 274A-B), which a user can actuate to provide input and interact with objects.
In various implementations, the HMD 200 or 250 can also include additional subsystems, such as an eye tracking unit, an audio system, various network components, etc., to monitor indications of user interactions and intentions. For example, in some implementations, instead of or in addition to controllers, one or more cameras included in the HMD 200 or 250, or from external cameras, can monitor the positions and poses of the user's hands to determine gestures and other hand and body motions. As another example, one or more light sources can illuminate either or both of the user's eyes and the HMD 200 or 250 can use eye-facing cameras to capture a reflection of this light to determine eye position (e.g., based on set of reflections around the user's cornea), modeling the user's eye and determining a gaze direction.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an overview of an environment 300 in which some implementations of the disclosed technology can operate. Environment 300 can include one or more client computing devices 305A-D, examples of which can include computing system 100. In some implementations, some of the client computing devices (e.g., client computing device 305B) can be the HMD 200 or the HMD system 250. Client computing devices 305 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections through network 330 to one or more remote computers, such as a server computing device.
In some implementations, server 310 can be an edge server which receives client requests and coordinates fulfillment of those requests through other servers, such as servers 320A-C. Server computing devices 310 and 320 can comprise computing systems, such as computing system 100. Though each server computing device 310 and 320 is displayed logically as a single server, server computing devices can each be a distributed computing environment encompassing multiple computing devices located at the same or at geographically disparate physical locations.
Client computing devices 305 and server computing devices 310 and 320 can each act as a server or client to other server/client device(s). Server 310 can connect to a database 315. Servers 320A-C can each connect to a corresponding database 325A-C. As discussed above, each server 310 or 320 can correspond to a group of servers, and each of these servers can share a database or can have their own database. Though databases 315 and 325 are displayed logically as single units, databases 315 and 325 can each be a distributed computing environment encompassing multiple computing devices, can be located within their corresponding server, or can be located at the same or at geographically disparate physical locations.
Network 330 can be a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a mesh network, a hybrid network, or other wired or wireless networks. Network 330 may be the Internet or some other public or private network. Client computing devices 305 can be connected to network 330 through a network interface, such as by wired or wireless communication. While the connections between server 310 and servers 320 are shown as separate connections, these connections can be any kind of local, wide area, wired, or wireless network, including network 330 or a separate public or private network.
As described above, a speaker generates sound through the vibration of the diaphragm. For known speakers, movement of the diaphragm causes the spring suspension to displace, in turn causing force to be transmitted to the basket through the spring, generating unwanted speaker module induced structural vibrations. When the speaker is mounted on a wearable device, such as an XR device, or wrist-worn devices such as a smart watch, it may generate vibrations of the wearable device that are detected by an inertial measurement unit (IMU) of the wearable device, interfere with a sensitive component such as a MEMS mirror, cause unwanted noise interference, etc. When these vibrations are detected by an IMU, for example, they can be “contamination signals”, which can reduce motion tracking accuracy. These contamination signals may be difficult to eliminate by purely algorithmic processing due to a nonlinear, time varying, non-quantified gyroscope response to audio-band vibrations. A known mitigation approach is using a speaker system with a dual driver module, which includes two drivers moving in opposite directions to cancel the forces (i.e., vibrations) caused by the speaker. However, this approach requires two independent moving voice coils and diaphragms that must be matched. Drawbacks of this known approach include the increased cost for having two drivers, decreased packaging efficiency due to having to house both drivers, and increased weight.
In contrast to known approaches, implementations disclosed herein utilize a single driver and a non-rigid suspension/spring that detaches the basket from the fixed structure, suspending it to mitigate the transmitted force.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a force canceling speaker system 400 used for some implementations of the present technology. In some implementations, speaker 400 is circular with a central axis (not shown). System 400 includes a diaphragm/cone 401 (i.e., part of the first moving mass including a voice coil) that is coupled to the top of a suspended basket 402 via a primary suspension/surround 420, which in turn may be coupled to a fixed frame 405 via an optional suspension 426, which may be vented. Fixed frame 405 is part of, or coupled to, an enclosure/housing 406 of the device/structure that contains the speaker system, such as HMD 200.
In some implementations, diaphragm 401 is a thin, semi-rigid membrane which is configured to generate sound pressure waves when vibrated. Diaphragm 401 includes a front surface and a back surface. In some implementations, surround 420 is a spring shaped as a half roll and is formed from rubber. Surround 420 suspends diaphragm 401 and is configured to flex and allow movement of diaphragm 401.
System 400 further includes a voice coil 404. Voice coil 404 in some implementations includes a metal wire wound tightly around a cylindrical structure and is configured to generate a magnetic field when current (i.e., an audio drive signal) is applied. A base of voice coil 404 is coupled to the back surface of diaphragm 401. In some implementations, voice coil 404 is coupled to the end of diaphragm 401 at a substantially close distance to surround 420.
Voice coil 404 is positioned within a magnetic air gap 470 of a motor assembly 410. During speaker operation, current is applied to the voice coil which generates a magnetic field. The magnetic field generated by the voice coil interacts with a magnetic field generated by the steel motor assembly, generating a magnetic force causing the voice coil to move in an up and down motion with an equal and opposite force (creating the desired sound from the diaphragm 401), and causing motor assembly 410 to move in the opposite direction, creating unwanted vibration. The up and down movement of the voice coil causes the diaphragm to vibrate, with the front surface of the diaphragm generating positive and negative sound pressure waves that travel through the air from the front of the speaker system.
System 400 further includes a steel/magnet/motor assembly 410 (i.e., the second moving mass, also referred to as the “driver”, “hard part,” or “motor yoke”). Motor assembly 410 is directly coupled to suspended basket 402. Suspended basket 402 is coupled to frame 405 via a secondary suspension/spring 422 (e.g., a flat spring or curved spring) that decouples the suspended basket 402 from the frame. In another implementation, motor assembly 410 may be coupled to suspended basket 402 using another suspension (not shown). In another implementation, motor assembly 410 may be further coupled to fixed frame 405 using an optional suspension 424 (e.g., another flat spring or curved spring).
In some implementations where there is only one suspension between suspended basket 402 and frame 405 (e.g., only suspension 422), the suspension can be placed height-wise on a horizontal plane that intersects the center of mass of the hard parts. In some implementations where there is more than one suspension (e.g. suspension 422 and suspension 424), the two suspensions can be placed as far apart as possible height-wise to maximize the rocking natural frequency of the hard parts by minimizing the rotational moment of inertia.
In some implementations, suspensions such as suspension 422 can be attached to a mounting flange of suspended basket 402 and frame 405. If no mounting flange is available, the suspensions can be attached to any other portion of the basket and/or frame, including directly to a vertical surface.
In some implementations, motor assembly 410 includes a magnet, a pole piece (not shown), air gap 470, and a top piece (not shown). The magnet is configured to generate a magnetic field and is fitted over the pole piece, and creates air gap 470 between the magnet and the pole piece. The pole piece is configured to direct the magnetic field generated by the magnet in air gap 470.
System 400 can further include vents 475, 476, which allow air generated by the moving diaphragm 401 and moving motor assembly 410 to escape.
In some implementations, primary suspension 420 and secondary suspension 422 are positioned at approximately the same radial distance from the center axis of the speaker system (as indicated by dotted line 450), with the midpoint of the suspension springs substantially aligned with each other. When speaker system 400 is in use, the force of the magnetic field generated by the interaction between the current and the magnetic field generates two forces. The first force pushes diaphragm 401 up while the second force pushes motor assembly 410 down. Because of the larger mass of motor assembly 410 relative to diaphragm 401, motor assembly 410 experiences substantially less acceleration than diaphragm 401. In some implementations, motor assembly 410 is approximately 30 times heavier than diaphragm 401, and therefore experiences approximately 30 times less acceleration than diaphragm 401.
As suspended basket 402 radiates with second moving mass 410, the bottom surface of suspended basket 402 has volume velocity which would normally radiate sound (indicated by arrow 478). An opposite surface generates an equal and opposite volume velocity (indicated by arrow 480). A radiating surface can be any non-vertical surface. This results in the volume velocities canceling each other out, thus canceling all or most of radiation generated by suspended basket 402. Having approximately the same radial distance from the center axis for suspensions 420 and 422 leads to the opposite radiating surfaces of basket 402 to be approximately equal in size. In some implementations, such as with a motor decoupling spring (e.g., motor decoupling spring 626 of FIG. 6 below), an acoustic mass is formed in motor assembly 410 to enable the matching of the acoustic load impedances of the two moving masses.
In some implementations, to account for radiated sound from additional surfaces (e.g., the horizontal inner diameter part of surround 424), the additional surfaces should have their midpoint aligned unless there is a “short circuit sound path.” Therefore, for example, suspension 424 can have its midpoint aligned similarly to suspension 422. However, if there is a short/easy path for air to go from front to back of the radiating surfaces, then the benefits of suspension centers being aligned is reduced. For example, the midpoint misalignment between suspension 422 and suspension 424 as shown in FIG. 4, causes net volume displacement that can escape through vent 475, but the sound generated by this small amount of air can easily travel through vent 475 to reach the underside of suspension 424 to cancel. If there is a long baffle, such as with enclosure/housing 406, that prevents the “short circuit” path, then aligning midpoints may be necessary.
As discussed, in some implementations, additional secondary suspensions/springs can added to couple the bottom portion of suspended basket 402 to fixed frame 405 (e.g., suspension 424), and/or the top portion of suspended basket 402 to fixed frame 405 (e.g., suspension 426). This dual plane suspension implementation increases the speaker system's robustness to drops and rocking. In some implementations, springs 424, 426 do not create a seal between the basket and frame, and are instead segmented such that air may flow between springs.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a force canceling speaker system 500 used for some implementations of the present technology. Speaker system 500 is an example force-canceling speaker system with a u-yoke architecture. Similar to speaker system 400 of FIG. 4, primary suspension 520 couples the perimeter of diaphragm 501 to the top of suspended basket 502, while secondary suspension 522 couples a portion of suspended basket 502 to a flange on fixed frame 505. Secondary suspension 522 and primary suspension 520 are positioned at approximately the same radial distance from the center of the speaker system, with the midpoint of the suspension springs aligned with each other as shown by dotted line 550.
As suspended basket 502 radiates during speaker operation, the bottom surface of suspended basket 502 may radiate sound (indicated by arrow 578). The flange opposite the surface generates an equal and opposite volume velocity (indicated by arrow 580). This results in the volume velocities canceling each other out, thus canceling any radiation generated by suspended basket 502.
In other implementations, an additional secondary suspension 570 can be added to the bottom of the speaker system, to couple motor assembly 510 to fixed frame 505. This creates two planes of suspension, which gives the speaker system rotational stiffness.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a force canceling speaker system 600 used for some implementations of the present technology. Speaker system 600, similar to speaker system 400, includes a diaphragm 601 coupled to a suspended/floating basket 602 via a primary suspension/surround 620. Suspended basket 602 is coupled to a fixed frame 605 by a secondary suspension 624 (i.e., a basket decoupling spring). Further, motor assembly 610 is coupled to the bottom portion of suspended basket 602 by a motor decoupling spring 626. The midpoint of surround 620 is approximately aligned with basket decoupling spring 624, reducing radiation by the motor assembly and the basket.
As shown in FIGS. 4-6, the secondary suspension (i.e., decoupling spring) 624 can be single or dual plane suspension In some implementations, and can be various types of suspensions such as a flat spring or half roll spring. The secondary suspension 624 can be tuned to a frequency approximately the same as the fundamental resonance of the speaker system. The material of the secondary suspension 624 can match the material of the primary suspension 620 providing them similar damping properties. The secondary suspension 624 can be stiffer than the primary suspension 620, to support the heavier motor assembly.
In some implementations, the secondary suspension 624 may be a spring that is linear during normal operation of the speaker system, and becomes non-linear and stiffening when the displacement of the spring exceeds the normal operating displacement. This non-linearity is designed into the spring, which can be a flat spring or curved spring (e.g., half roll) by allowing for the spring to deform in bending during normal operation (i.e., low/operating displacement) and to deform by extension/tension at large displacements. This can be accomplished by using a short span flat spring, or if the spring is curved, making the free length of the curved spring such that at large displacements the spring goes taut.
Some implementations of the speaker system form a dipole configuration, in which sound is radiated from both the front and back to a local area. As the voice coil 603 moves the diaphragm 601 in an up and down motion, the diaphragm 601 generates sound pressure waves that radiate from the front of the speaker through a first waveguide. A second waveguide is formed in part by the back surface of the diaphragm and the top surface of the motor assembly. The waveguides are configured to vent airflow through a front port and a back port.
In some implementations, the back side port (motor side of diaphragm 601) vents to the ear of the wearer and front side port vents to a position further from the ear—thereby forming a dipole (i.e., both ports radiate to the outside). Because of the air venting in the design, the volume velocity from the front of the second moving mass is equal and opposite to that off the back of the second moving mass. This allows for cancellation of at least some radiation due to the suspended hard parts, so that now there is only one effective radiator without peaks and dips in the pressure frequency response due to the interaction between two radiators.
FIG. 7 graphically illustrates the impact of the secondary suspension on the force applied to the speaker system housing used with some implementations of the present technology (e.g., speaker systems 400 and 500). Curve 702 represents the amount of force generated by the motor assembly that gets transferred to the speaker system enclosure. As shown, at lower frequencies, substantially all of the force is transmitted (i.e., the secondary suspension provides substantially no isolation). However, at the higher resonance frequencies, as indicated after peak 704 of curve 702, the transmitted force to the motor assembly is sharply reduced due to the secondary suspension.
In some implementations, the force cancelling performance of the speaker system may be improved to account for manufacturing imperfections by modifying attributes of components of the speaker system. In some implementations, an additional mass may be added to the magnet assembly (e.g., to the yoke/hard parts) to adjust the tuning frequency of the second moving mass to approximately that of the first moving mass. In other implementations, the active length of the secondary suspension (e.g., a flat spring) can be adjusted to change the compliance of the second moving mass's suspension.
Reference in this specification to “implementations” (e.g., “some implementations,” “various implementations,” “one implementation,” “an implementation,” etc.) means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the implementation is included in at least one implementation of the disclosure. The appearances of these phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same implementation, nor are separate or alternative implementations mutually exclusive of other implementations. Moreover, various features are described which may be exhibited by some implementations and not by others. Similarly, various requirements are described which may be requirements for some implementations but not for other implementations.
As used herein, being above a threshold means that a value for an item under comparison is above a specified other value, that an item under comparison is among a certain specified number of items with the largest value, or that an item under comparison has a value within a specified top percentage value. As used herein, being below a threshold means that a value for an item under comparison is below a specified other value, that an item under comparison is among a certain specified number of items with the smallest value, or that an item under comparison has a value within a specified bottom percentage value. As used herein, being within a threshold means that a value for an item under comparison is between two specified other values, that an item under comparison is among a middle-specified number of items, or that an item under comparison has a value within a middle-specified percentage range. Relative terms, such as high or unimportant, when not otherwise defined, can be understood as assigning a value and determining how that value compares to an established threshold. For example, the phrase “selecting a fast connection” can be understood to mean selecting a connection that has a value assigned corresponding to its connection speed that is above a threshold.
As used herein, the word “or” refers to any possible permutation of a set of items. For example, the phrase “A, B, or C” refers to at least one of A, B, C, or any combination thereof, such as any of: A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; A, B, and C; or multiple of any item such as A and A; B, B, and C; A, A, B, C, and C; etc.
Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Specific embodiments and implementations have been described herein for purposes of illustration, but various modifications can be made without deviating from the scope of the embodiments and implementations. The specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims that follow. Accordingly, the embodiments and implementations are not limited except as by the appended claims.
Any patents, patent applications, and other references noted above are incorporated herein by reference. Aspects can be modified, if necessary, to employ the systems, functions, and concepts of the various references described above to provide yet further implementations. If statements or subject matter in a document incorporated by reference conflicts with statements or subject matter of this application, then this application shall control.
