Meta Patent | Modifying audio data transmitted to a receiving device to account for acoustic parameters of a user of the receiving device
Patent: Modifying audio data transmitted to a receiving device to account for acoustic parameters of a user of the receiving device
Patent PDF: 20240284139
Publication Number: 20240284139
Publication Date: 2024-08-22
Assignee: Meta Platforms Technologies
Abstract
A communication system provides audio content to one or more client devices capable of playing spatialized audio content. For example, the communication system receives audio content from a client device and transmits the audio content to other client devices to be played for users. The communication system dynamically modifies audio content transmitted to different client devices based on a payload including audio parameters (e.g., local area acoustic properties, an audiogram for a user, a head related transfer function for a user, etc.) received from a client device.
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Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/578,852, titled “Modifying Audio Data Transmitted to a Receiving Device to Account for Acoustic Parameters of a User of the Receiving Device,” filed Jan. 19, 2022 and which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This disclosure relates generally to artificial reality systems, and more specifically to personalizing audio data transmitted to a client device to account for acoustic parameters of the user of the client device.
BACKGROUND
Users of various online systems, such as artificial reality systems exchange content with other users. For example, a sending client device transmits audio content to a receiving client device, which plays the audio content for a receiving user. In the preceding example, the sending client device and the receiving client device may be headsets displaying virtual reality or augmented reality content to users.
When playing audio content for a user, the audio content may be spatialized, so the audio content is played to account for the environment of the user for whom the audio content is played. The audio content may be modified to account for characteristics of the user for whom the audio data is played, such as sensitivities of the user to certain audio frequencies. When a receiving client device has limited computational resources (e.g., processor capacity), the receiving client device is unable to locally modify audio content to account for the environment including the receiving client DEVICE or the acoustic parameters of the user.
SUMMARY
A communication system receives audio content from a sending client device, such as a headset or another device including one or more acoustic sensors. Additionally, the communication system receives a payload from a receiving client device, with the payload including one or more audio one or more acoustic parameters of the receiving client device. In some embodiments, the payload includes one or more of the acoustic parameters, while in other embodiments the payload includes instructions for obtaining the acoustic parameters from one or more other servers. For example, the payload includes an identifier of a local area including the receiving client device that the communication system uses to retrieve one or more acoustic properties (e.g., local area impulse response, a reverberation time, a reverberation level, etc.) of the local area including the receiving client device from a database or from a mapping server. The communication system modifies the audio content using the payload and transmits the modified audio content to the receiving client device. In an alternative embodiment, the sending client device receives the payload from the receiving client device, and the sending client device modifies the audio content based on the received payload then transmits the modified audio content to the receiving client device.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a headset implemented as an eyewear device, in accordance with one or more embodiments.
FIG. 1B is a perspective view of a headset implemented as a head-mounted display, in accordance with one or more embodiments.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an audio system, in accordance with one or more embodiments.
FIG. 3 is an interaction diagram of a method for modifying audio content transmitted to a receiving client device to account for acoustic parameters of a receiving user, in accordance with one or more embodiments.
FIG. 4 is a system that includes a headset, in accordance with one or more embodiments.
The figures depict various embodiments for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following discussion that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Client devices transmit audio content between each other. A sending client device transmits audio content to a receiving client device, which plays the audio content for a receiving user. A client device may spatialize the audio content when it is played for a user, so the audio content appears to originate in a local area including the client devices. However, different client devices may have different computing resources available for processing and playing the audio content, limiting ability of certain client devices to play spatialized audio for users.
To compensate for limited abilities of a client device to transform audio content into spatialized audio content, a client device may transmit ambisonics to another client device, improving presentation of audio by the receiving client device while increasing an amount of bandwidth used to transmit the audio content. Alternatively, a client device transmits stereo audio content, which limits an ability of the audio content to be played to appear as originating within the local area of the receiving client device. These implementations result in a client device receiving relatively static audio content that does not account for an environment or for preferences of a user of a client device receiving the audio content.
For more efficient bandwidth use while allowing audio content to be personalized for a receiving user of a receiving client device, a receiving client device transmits a payload to a communication system that obtains audio content for the receiving client device. The payload includes one or more audio one or more acoustic parameters of the receiving client device. Example acoustic parameters included in the payload include: an audiogram describing a receiving user's sensitivity to different audio frequencies, head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), transfer functions for one or more sensors, array transfer functions (ATFs) for one or more of the acoustic sensors, sound source locations, virtual model of local area, direction of arrival estimates, sound filters, or any other suitable information. The communication system modifies the audio content using the payload and transmits the modified audio content to the receiving client device. In an alternative embodiment, the sending client device receives the payload from the receiving client device, and the sending client device modifies the audio content based on the received payload then transmits the modified audio content to the receiving client device.
Embodiments of the invention may include or be implemented in conjunction with an artificial reality system. Artificial reality is a form of reality that has been adjusted in some manner before presentation to a user, which may include, e.g., a virtual reality (VR), an augmented reality (AR), a mixed reality (MR), a hybrid reality, or some combination and/or derivatives thereof. Artificial reality content may include completely generated content or generated content combined with captured (e.g., real-world) content. The artificial reality content may include video, audio, haptic feedback, or some combination thereof, any of which may be presented in a single channel or in multiple channels (such as stereo video that produces a three-dimensional effect to the viewer). Additionally, in some embodiments, artificial reality may also be associated with applications, products, accessories, services, or some combination thereof, that are used to create content in an artificial reality and/or are otherwise used in an artificial reality. The artificial reality system that provides the artificial reality content may be implemented on various platforms, including a wearable device (e.g., headset) connected to a host computer system, a standalone wearable device (e.g., headset), a mobile device or computing system, or any other hardware platform capable of providing artificial reality content to one or more viewers.
FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a headset 100 implemented as an eyewear device, in accordance with one or more embodiments. In some embodiments, the eyewear device is a near eye display (NED). In general, the headset 100 may be worn on the face of a user such that content (e.g., media content) is presented using a display assembly and/or an audio system. However, the headset 100 may also be used such that media content is presented to a user in a different manner. Examples of media content presented by the headset 100 include one or more images, video, audio, or some combination thereof. The headset 100 includes a frame, and may include, among other components, a display assembly including one or more display elements 120, a depth camera assembly (DCA), an audio system, and a position sensor 190. While FIG. 1A illustrates the components of the headset 100 in example locations on the headset 100, the components may be located elsewhere on the headset 100, on a peripheral device paired with the headset 100, or some combination thereof. Similarly, there may be more or fewer components on the headset 100 than what is shown in FIG. 1A.
The frame 110 holds the other components of the headset 100. The frame 110 includes a front part that holds the one or more display elements 120 and end pieces (e.g., temples) to attach to a head of the user. The front part of the frame 110 bridges the top of a nose of the user. The length of the end pieces may be adjustable (e.g., adjustable temple length) to fit different users. The end pieces may also include a portion that curls behind the ear of the user (e.g., temple tip, ear piece).
The one or more display elements 120 provide light to a user wearing the headset 100. As illustrated the headset includes a display element 120 for each eye of a user. In some embodiments, a display element 120 generates image light that is provided to an eyebox of the headset 100. The eyebox is a location in space that an eye of user occupies while wearing the headset 100. For example, a display element 120 may be a waveguide display. A waveguide display includes a light source (e.g., a two-dimensional source, one or more line sources, one or more point sources, etc.) and one or more waveguides. Light from the light source is in-coupled into the one or more waveguides which outputs the light in a manner such that there is pupil replication in an eyebox of the headset 100. In-coupling and/or outcoupling of light from the one or more waveguides may be done using one or more diffraction gratings. In some embodiments, the waveguide display includes a scanning element (e.g., waveguide, mirror, etc.) that scans light from the light source as it is in-coupled into the one or more waveguides. Note that in some embodiments, one or both of the display elements 120 are opaque and do not transmit light from a local area around the headset 100. The local area is the area surrounding the headset 100. For example, the local area may be a room that a user wearing the headset 100 is inside, or the user wearing the headset 100 may be outside and the local area is an outside area. In this context, the headset 100 generates VR content. Alternatively, in some embodiments, one or both of the display elements 120 are at least partially transparent, such that light from the local area may be combined with light from the one or more display elements to produce AR and/or MR content.
In some embodiments, a display element 120 does not generate image light, and instead is a lens that transmits light from the local area to the eyebox. For example, one or both of the display elements 120 may be a lens without correction (non-prescription) or a prescription lens (e.g., single vision, bifocal and trifocal, or progressive) to help correct for defects in a user's eyesight. In some embodiments, the display element 120 may be polarized and/or tinted to protect the user's eyes from the sun.
In some embodiments, the display element 120 may include an additional optics block (not shown). The optics block may include one or more optical elements (e.g., lens, Fresnel lens, etc.) that direct light from the display element 120 to the eyebox. The optics block may, e.g., correct for aberrations in some or all of the image content, magnify some or all of the image, or some combination thereof.
The DCA determines depth information for a portion of a local area surrounding the headset 100. The DCA includes one or more imaging devices 130 and a DCA controller (not shown in FIG. 1A), and may also include an illuminator 140. In some embodiments, the illuminator 140 illuminates a portion of the local area with light. The light may be, e.g., structured light (e.g., dot pattern, bars, etc.) in the infrared (IR), IR flash for time-of-flight, etc. In some embodiments, the one or more imaging devices 130 capture images of the portion of the local area that include the light from the illuminator 140. As illustrated, FIG. 1A shows a single illuminator 140 and two imaging devices 130. In alternate embodiments, there is no illuminator 140 and at least two imaging devices 130.
The DCA controller computes depth information for the portion of the local area using the captured images and one or more depth determination techniques. The depth determination technique may be, e.g., direct time-of-flight (ToF) depth sensing, indirect ToF depth sensing, structured light, passive stereo analysis, active stereo analysis (uses texture added to the scene by light from the illuminator 140), some other technique to determine depth of a scene, or some combination thereof.
The audio system provides audio content and detects audio within the local area of the headset 100. The audio system includes a transducer array, a sensor array, and an audio controller 150. However, in other embodiments, the audio system may include different and/or additional components. Similarly, in some cases, functionality described with reference to the components of the audio system can be distributed among the components in a different manner than is described here. For example, some or all of the functions of the controller may be performed by a remote server.
The transducer array presents sound to user. The transducer array includes a plurality of transducers. A transducer may be a speaker 160 or a tissue transducer 170 (e.g., a bone conduction transducer or a cartilage conduction transducer). Although the speakers 160 are shown exterior to the frame 110, the speakers 160 may be enclosed in the frame 110. In some embodiments, instead of individual speakers for each ear, the headset 100 includes a speaker array comprising multiple speakers integrated into the frame 110 to improve directionality of presented audio content. The tissue transducer 170 couples to the head of the user and directly vibrates tissue (e.g., bone or cartilage) of the user to generate sound. The number and/or locations of transducers may be different from what is shown in FIG. 1A.
The sensor array detects sounds within the local area of the headset 100. The sensor array includes a plurality of acoustic sensors 180. An acoustic sensor 180 captures sounds emitted from one or more sound sources in the local area (e.g., a room). Each acoustic sensor is configured to detect sound and convert the detected sound into an electronic format (analog or digital). The acoustic sensors 180 may be acoustic wave sensors, microphones, sound transducers, or similar sensors that are suitable for detecting sounds.
In some embodiments, one or more acoustic sensors 180 may be placed in an ear canal of each ear (e.g., acting as binaural microphones). In some embodiments, the acoustic sensors 180 may be placed on an exterior surface of the headset 100, placed on an interior surface of the headset 100, separate from the headset 100 (e.g., part of some other device), or some combination thereof. The number and/or locations of acoustic sensors 180 may be different from what is shown in FIG. 1A. For example, the number of acoustic detection locations may be increased to increase the amount of audio information collected and the sensitivity and/or accuracy of the information. The acoustic detection locations may be oriented such that the microphone is able to detect sounds in a wide range of directions surrounding the user wearing the headset 100.
The audio controller 150 processes information from the sensor array that describes sounds detected by the sensor array. The audio controller 150 may comprise a processor and a computer-readable storage medium. The audio controller 150 may be configured to generate direction of arrival (DOA) estimates, generate acoustic transfer functions (e.g., array transfer functions and/or head-related transfer functions), track the location of sound sources, form beams in the direction of sound sources, classify sound sources, generate sound filters for the speakers 160, or some combination thereof.
The position sensor 190 generates one or more measurement signals in response to motion of the headset 100. The position sensor 190 may be located on a portion of the frame 110 of the headset 100. The position sensor 190 may include an inertial measurement unit (IMU). Examples of position sensor 190 include: one or more accelerometers, one or more gyroscopes, one or more magnetometers, another suitable type of sensor that detects motion, a type of sensor used for error correction of the IMU, or some combination thereof. The position sensor 190 may be located external to the IMU, internal to the IMU, or some combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the headset 100 may provide for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for a position of the headset 100 and updating of a model of the local area. For example, the headset 100 may include a passive camera assembly (PCA) that generates color image data. The PCA may include one or more RGB cameras that capture images of some or all of the local area. In some embodiments, some or all of the imaging devices 130 of the DCA may also function as the PCA. The images captured by the PCA and the depth information determined by the DCA may be used to determine parameters of the local area, generate a model of the local area, update a model of the local area, or some combination thereof. Furthermore, the position sensor 190 tracks the position (e.g., location and pose) of the headset 100 within the room.
FIG. 1B is a perspective view of a headset 105 implemented as a HMD, in accordance with one or more embodiments. In embodiments that describe an AR system and/or a MR system, portions of a front side of the HMD are at least partially transparent in the visible band (˜380 nm to 750 nm), and portions of the HMD that are between the front side of the HMD and an eye of the user are at least partially transparent (e.g., a partially transparent electronic display). The HMD includes a front rigid body 115 and a band 175. The headset 105 includes many of the same components described above with reference to FIG. 1A, but modified to integrate with the HMD form factor. For example, the HMD includes a display assembly, a DCA, an audio system, and a position sensor 190. FIG. 1B shows the illuminator 140, a plurality of the speakers 160, a plurality of the imaging devices 130, a plurality of acoustic sensors 180, and the position sensor 190. The speakers 160 may be located in various locations, such as coupled to the band 175 (as shown), coupled to front rigid body 115, or may be configured to be inserted within the ear canal of a user.
Using headset 100 or headset 105, users may exchange content with each other. For example, one or more acoustic sensors 180 capture audio content for communication to other users. The headset 100, 105 transmits the audio content to another headset 100, 105 that plays the audio content through one or more speakers 160. In various embodiments, one or more headsets 100, 105 are communicatively coupled to a communication system, as further described below in conjunction with FIG. 3. The communication system receives audio content from a headset 100, 105 and receives a payload form a receiving headset 100, 105. The payload describes one or more acoustic parameters of the receiving headset 100, 105, and the communication system modifies the audio content based on the acoustic parameters of the receiving headset 100, 105, as further described below in conjunction with FIG. 3. The modified audio content is transmitted to the receiving headset 100, 105 to be played for a receiving user.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an audio system 200, in accordance with one or more embodiments. The audio system in FIG. 1A or FIG. 1B may be an embodiment of the audio system 200. The audio system 200 generates one or more acoustic transfer functions for a user. The audio system 200 may then use the one or more acoustic transfer functions to generate audio content for the user. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the audio system 200 includes a transducer array 210, a sensor array 220, and an audio controller 230. Some embodiments of the audio system 200 have different components than those described here. Similarly, in some cases, functions can be distributed among the components in a different manner than is described here.
The transducer array 210 is configured to present audio content. The transducer array 210 includes a plurality of transducers. A transducer is a device that provides audio content. A transducer may be, e.g., a speaker (e.g., the speaker 160), a tissue transducer (e.g., the tissue transducer 170), some other device that provides audio content, or some combination thereof. A tissue transducer may be configured to function as a bone conduction transducer or a cartilage conduction transducer. The transducer array 210 may present audio content via air conduction (e.g., via one or more speakers), via bone conduction (via one or more bone conduction transducer), via cartilage conduction audio system (via one or more cartilage conduction transducers), or some combination thereof. In some embodiments, the transducer array 210 may include one or more transducers to cover different parts of a frequency range. For example, a piezoelectric transducer may be used to cover a first part of a frequency range and a moving coil transducer may be used to cover a second part of a frequency range.
The bone conduction transducers generate acoustic pressure waves by vibrating bone/tissue in the user's head. A bone conduction transducer may be coupled to a portion of a headset, and may be configured to be behind the auricle coupled to a portion of the user's skull. The bone conduction transducer receives vibration instructions from the audio controller 230, and vibrates a portion of the user's skull based on the received instructions. The vibrations from the bone conduction transducer generate a tissue-borne acoustic pressure wave that propagates toward the user's cochlea, bypassing the eardrum.
The cartilage conduction transducers generate acoustic pressure waves by vibrating one or more portions of the auricular cartilage of the ears of the user. A cartilage conduction transducer may be coupled to a portion of a headset, and may be configured to be coupled to one or more portions of the auricular cartilage of the ear. For example, the cartilage conduction transducer may couple to the back of an auricle of the ear of the user. The cartilage conduction transducer may be located anywhere along the auricular cartilage around the outer ear (e.g., the pinna, the tragus, some other portion of the auricular cartilage, or some combination thereof). Vibrating the one or more portions of auricular cartilage may generate: airborne acoustic pressure waves outside the ear canal; tissue born acoustic pressure waves that cause some portions of the ear canal to vibrate thereby generating an airborne acoustic pressure wave within the ear canal; or some combination thereof. The generated airborne acoustic pressure waves propagate down the ear canal toward the ear drum.
The transducer array 210 generates audio content in accordance with instructions from the audio controller 230. In some embodiments, the audio content is spatialized. Spatialized audio content is audio content that appears to originate from a particular direction and/or target region (e.g., an object in the local area and/or a virtual object). For example, spatialized audio content can make it appear that sound is originating from a virtual singer across a room from a user of the audio system 200. The transducer array 210 may be coupled to a wearable device (e.g., the headset 100 or the headset 105). In alternate embodiments, the transducer array 210 may be a plurality of speakers that are separate from the wearable device (e.g., coupled to an external console).
The sensor array 220 detects sounds within a local area surrounding the sensor array 220. The sensor array 220 may include a plurality of acoustic sensors that each detect air pressure variations of a sound wave and convert the detected sounds into an electronic format (analog or digital). The plurality of acoustic sensors may be positioned on a headset (e.g., headset 100 and/or the headset 105), on a user (e.g., in an ear canal of the user), on a neckband, or some combination thereof. An acoustic sensor may be, e.g., a microphone, a vibration sensor, an accelerometer, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the sensor array 220 is configured to monitor the audio content generated by the transducer array 210 using at least some of the plurality of acoustic sensors. Increasing the number of sensors may improve the accuracy of information (e.g., directionality) describing a sound field produced by the transducer array 210 and/or sound from the local area.
The audio controller 230 controls operation of the audio system 200. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the audio controller 230 includes a data store 235, a DOA estimation module 240, a transfer function module 250, a tracking module 260, a beamforming module 270, and a sound filter module 280. The audio controller 230 may be located inside a headset, in some embodiments. Some embodiments of the audio controller 230 have different components than those described here. Similarly, functions can be distributed among the components in different manners than described here. For example, some functions of the controller may be performed external to the headset. The user may opt in to allow the audio controller 230 to transmit data captured by the headset to systems external to the headset, and the user may select privacy settings controlling access to any such data.
The data store 235 stores data for use by the audio system 200. Data in the data store 235 may include sounds recorded in the local area of the audio system 200, audio content, head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), transfer functions for one or more sensors, array transfer functions (ATFs) for one or more of the acoustic sensors, sound source locations, virtual model of local area, direction of arrival estimates, sound filters, and other data relevant for use by the audio system 200, or any combination thereof.
The user may opt-in to allow the data store 235 to record data captured by the audio system 200. In some embodiments, the audio system 200 may employ always on recording, in which the audio system 200 records all sounds captured by the audio system 200 in order to improve the experience for the user. The user may opt in or opt out to allow or prevent the audio system 200 from recording, storing, or transmitting the recorded data to other entities.
The DOA estimation module 240 is configured to localize sound sources in the local area based in part on information from the sensor array 220. Localization is a process of determining where sound sources are located relative to the user of the audio system 200. The DOA estimation module 240 performs a DOA analysis to localize one or more sound sources within the local area. The DOA analysis may include analyzing the intensity, spectra, and/or arrival time of each sound at the sensor array 220 to determine the direction from which the sounds originated. In some cases, the DOA analysis may include any suitable algorithm for analyzing a surrounding acoustic environment in which the audio system 200 is located.
For example, the DOA analysis may be designed to receive input signals from the sensor array 220 and apply digital signal processing algorithms to the input signals to estimate a direction of arrival. These algorithms may include, for example, delay and sum algorithms where the input signal is sampled, and the resulting weighted and delayed versions of the sampled signal are averaged together to determine a DOA. A least mean squared (LMS) algorithm may also be implemented to create an adaptive filter. This adaptive filter may then be used to identify differences in signal intensity, for example, or differences in time of arrival. These differences may then be used to estimate the DOA. In another embodiment, the DOA may be determined by converting the input signals into the frequency domain and selecting specific bins within the time-frequency (TF) domain to process. Each selected TF bin may be processed to determine whether that bin includes a portion of the audio spectrum with a direct path audio signal. Those bins having a portion of the direct-path signal may then be analyzed to identify the angle at which the sensor array 220 received the direct-path audio signal. The determined angle may then be used to identify the DOA for the received input signal. Other algorithms not listed above may also be used alone or in combination with the above algorithms to determine DOA.
In some embodiments, the DOA estimation module 240 may also determine the DOA with respect to an absolute position of the audio system 200 within the local area. The position of the sensor array 220 may be received from an external system (e.g., some other component of a headset, an artificial reality console, a mapping server, a position sensor (e.g., the position sensor 190), etc.). The external system may create a virtual model of the local area, in which the local area and the position of the audio system 200 are mapped. The received position information may include a location and/or an orientation of some or all of the audio system 200 (e.g., of the sensor array 220). The DOA estimation module 240 may update the estimated DOA based on the received position information.
The transfer function module 250 is configured to generate one or more acoustic transfer functions. Generally, a transfer function is a mathematical function giving a corresponding output value for each possible input value. Based on parameters of the detected sounds, the transfer function module 250 generates one or more acoustic transfer functions associated with the audio system. The acoustic transfer functions may be array transfer functions (ATFs), head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), other types of acoustic transfer functions, or some combination thereof. An ATF characterizes how the microphone receives a sound from a point in space.
An ATF includes a number of transfer functions that characterize a relationship between the sound source and the corresponding sound received by the acoustic sensors in the sensor array 220. Accordingly, for a sound source there is a corresponding transfer function for each of the acoustic sensors in the sensor array 220. And collectively the set of transfer functions is referred to as an ATF. Accordingly, for each sound source there is a corresponding ATF. Note that the sound source may be, e.g., someone or something generating sound in the local area, the user, or one or more transducers of the transducer array 210. The ATF for a particular sound source location relative to the sensor array 220 may differ from user to user due to a person's anatomy (e.g., ear shape, shoulders, etc.) that affects the sound as it travels to the person's ears. Accordingly, the ATFs of the sensor array 220 are personalized for each user of the audio system 200.
In some embodiments, the transfer function module 250 determines one or more HRTFs for a user of the audio system 200. The HRTF characterizes how an ear receives a sound from a point in space. The HRTF for a particular source location relative to a person is unique to each ear of the person (and is unique to the person) due to the person's anatomy (e.g., ear shape, shoulders, etc.) that affects the sound as it travels to the person's ears. In some embodiments, the transfer function module 250 may determine HRTFs for the user using a calibration process. In some embodiments, the transfer function module 250 may provide information about the user to a remote system. The user may adjust privacy settings to allow or prevent the transfer function module 250 from providing the information about the user to any remote systems. The remote system determines a set of HRTFs that are customized to the user using, e.g., machine learning, and provides the customized set of HRTFs to the audio system 200.
The tracking module 260 is configured to track locations of one or more sound sources. The tracking module 260 may compare current DOA estimates and compare them with a stored history of previous DOA estimates. In some embodiments, the audio system 200 may recalculate DOA estimates on a periodic schedule, such as once per second, or once per millisecond. The tracking module may compare the current DOA estimates with previous DOA estimates, and in response to a change in a DOA estimate for a sound source, the tracking module 260 may determine that the sound source moved. In some embodiments, the tracking module 260 may detect a change in location based on visual information received from the headset or some other external source. The tracking module 260 may track the movement of one or more sound sources over time. The tracking module 260 may store values for a number of sound sources and a location of each sound source at each point in time. In response to a change in a value of the number or locations of the sound sources, the tracking module 260 may determine that a sound source moved. The tracking module 260 may calculate an estimate of the localization variance. The localization variance may be used as a confidence level for each determination of a change in movement.
The beamforming module 270 is configured to process one or more ATFs to selectively emphasize sounds from sound sources within a certain area while de-emphasizing sounds from other areas. In analyzing sounds detected by the sensor array 220, the beamforming module 270 may combine information from different acoustic sensors to emphasize sound associated from a particular region of the local area while deemphasizing sound that is from outside of the region. The beamforming module 270 may isolate an audio signal associated with sound from a particular sound source from other sound sources in the local area based on, e.g., different DOA estimates from the DOA estimation module 240 and the tracking module 260. The beamforming module 270 may thus selectively analyze discrete sound sources in the local area. In some embodiments, the beamforming module 270 may enhance a signal from a sound source. For example, the beamforming module 270 may apply sound filters which eliminate signals above, below, or between certain frequencies. Signal enhancement acts to enhance sounds associated with a given identified sound source relative to other sounds detected by the sensor array 220.
The sound filter module 280 determines sound filters for the transducer array 210. In some embodiments, the sound filters cause the audio content to be spatialized, such that the audio content appears to originate from a target region. The sound filter module 280 may use HRTFs and/or acoustic parameters to generate the sound filters. The acoustic parameters describe acoustic properties of the local area. The acoustic parameters may include, e.g., a reverberation time, a reverberation level, a room impulse response, etc. In some embodiments, the sound filter module 280 calculates one or more of the acoustic parameters. In some embodiments, the sound filter module 280 requests the acoustic parameters from a mapping server (e.g., as described below with regard to FIG. 4).
The sound filter module 280 provides the sound filters to the transducer array 210. In some embodiments, the sound filters may cause positive or negative amplification of sounds as a function of frequency.
FIG. 3 is an interaction diagram of a modifying audio content transmitted to a receiving client device to account for acoustic parameters of a receiving user. The process shown in FIG. 3 may be performed by components of a communication system and a client device, such as a mapping server, further described below in conjunction with FIG. 4, and a headset or a head mounted display as further described in conjunction with FIGS. 1A and 1B. Other entities may perform some or all of the steps in FIG. 3 in other embodiments. Embodiments may include different and/or additional steps, or perform the steps in different orders.
A sending client device 300 captures 315 audio content through one or more acoustic sensors. For example, the sending client device 300 is a headset 100, 105 as further described above in conjunction with FIGS. 1A and 1B that captures 315 audio content through one or more acoustic sensors 180. Audio content captured 315 by the sending client device 300 may be audio spoken by a sending user of the sending client device 300 or captured 315 from one or more sources within an environment including the sending client device 300.
A receiving client device 310 includes information describing acoustic parameters of the receiving client device 310 based on an environment of the receiving client device 310 or of a receiving user of the receiving client device 310. Example acoustic parameters included in the payload include: an audiogram describing a receiving user's sensitivity to different audio frequencies, head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), transfer functions for one or more sensors, array transfer functions (ATFs) for one or more of the acoustic sensors, sound source locations, virtual model of local area, direction of arrival estimates, sound filters, or any other suitable information. In various embodiments, the receiving client device 310 locally stores the information describing the acoustic parameters. Alternatively, the receiving client device 310 includes information for retrieving the acoustic parameters of the environment including the receiving audio device 310 from a communication system 305 or another server.
The receiving client device 310 transmits 320 a payload to the communication system 305, with the payload including one or more acoustic parameters of the receiving client device 310. In some embodiments, the payload includes one or more of the acoustic parameters, while in other embodiments the payload includes instructions for obtaining the acoustic parameters from one or more other servers. For example, the payload includes an identifier of a local area including the receiving client device 310 that the communication system 305 uses to retrieve one or more acoustic properties (e.g., local area impulse response, a reverberation time, a reverberation level, etc.) of the local area including the receiving client device 310 from a database or from a mapping server, as further described below in conjunction with FIG. 4. In some embodiments, the payload 305 includes a HRTF of the user or information allowing the communication system 305 to retrieve a HRTF of the user. When transmitting 320 the payload to the communication system 305, the receiving client device 310 anonymizes information in the payload so the receiving user is unable to be identified from information in the payload in various embodiments.
To transmit the captured audio content from the sending client device 300 to the receiving client device 310, the sending client device 300 transmits 325 the captured audio content to the communication system 305. Using the payload received from the receiving client device 310, the communication system 305 generates 330 modified audio content based on the audio characteristics identified by the payload. The modified audio content is spatialized audio that transforms the audio content captured 315 by the sending client device 300 based on acoustic properties of the local area including the receiving client device 310 or a HRTF of the receiving user of the receiving client device 310. This allows the modified audio content to appear to be placed within the local area of the receiving user when played by the receiving client device.
When generating 330 the modified audio content, the communication system 305 includes a model that predicts a location of the receiving client device 310 in the local area of the receiving client device 310 in some embodiments. The communication system 305 applies the model to information included in the payload to determine a predicted location in the local area of the receiving client device 310, determines a degree of arrival of portions of the captured audio data to the predicted position of the receiving client device 310 and applies one or more transfer functions to the captured audio data based on the predicted position. Hence, the communication system 305 modifies the audio data captured 315 by the sending client device 300, as further described above in conjunction with FIG. 2, based on information included in the payload received from the receiving client device 310 or based on information derived from information included in the payload system.
In various embodiments, the payload includes an audiogram or other information describing sensitivity of the receiving user's hearing to different audio frequencies. For example, the payload indicates the receiving user is unable to hear specific frequencies, so when generating 330 the modified audio content, the communication system 305 adjusts frequencies of certain portions of the audio content, such as spatial cues, to be frequencies other than the specific frequencies. As another example, the payload includes information identifying a particular ear of the user, so the modified audio content concentrates spatial cues in a portion of the audio content configured to be played for the particular ear (or configured to be played for another ear of the user). For example, the payload indicates that the receiving user hears poorly out of one ear, so the modified audio content adjusts the audio content so spatial cues are concentrated in a portion of the audio played for the other ear of the user. In the preceding example, when adjusting the audio content to concentrate spatial cues in the portion of the audio played for the other year of the user, the communication system 305 reduces fidelity of a portion of the audio content played for the ear out of which the receiving user hears poorly; this allows the communication system 305 to reduce an amount of bandwidth for transmitting the modified audio content. In other embodiments, the communication system 305 reduces a fidelity of the audio content configured to be played for the particular ear identified by the payload.
The communication system 305 transmits 335 the modified audio content to the receiving client device 310, which plays 340 the modified audio content to the receiving user. For example, the receiving client device 310 is a headset 100 including various speakers 160 and plays 340 the modified audio content using one or more speakers 160 to provide spatial cues for different portions of the modified audio content when played 340 to the receiving user. In some embodiments, the receiving client device 310 further modifies the modified audio content after receipt and plays 340 the further modified audio content. For example, the communication system 305 generates 330 modified audio content by applying a HRTF for the receiving user to the audio content and the receiving client device 310 further modifies the modified audio content based on acoustic properties (e.g., room impulse response, a reverberation time, a reverberation level, etc.) of the local area including the receiving client device 310.
With the communication system 305 generating 330 the modified audio content, the receiving client device 310 may have limited computing resources relative to the sending client device 300 and provide spatialized audio to the receiving user by leveraging computing resources of the communication system 305 to generate 330 spatialized audio content. Additionally, generation of the modified audio content by the communication system 305 allows improvement of the audio content played 340 by the receiving client device 310 while reducing bandwidth for communicating audio content to the receiving client device 310 relative to alternative techniques that transmit ambisonics to the receiving client device 310. Further, transmitting 320 the payload to the communication system 305 allows the communication system 305 to account for particular acoustic characteristics of the receiving user or of the local area including the receiving client device 310 when generating 330 the modified audio content, allowing the modified audio content to be tailored to the receiving user or to the particular environment of the receiving client device 310.
While FIG. 3 shows an embodiment where the receiving client device 310 transmits 320 the payload to the communication system 305, in alternative embodiments, the receiving client device 310 transmits 320 the payload to the sending client device 300. In such embodiments, the sending client device 300 generates 330 the modified audio content, as further described above, and transmits 335 the modified audio content to the receiving client device 310. Such an embodiment allows a receiving client device 310 having limited computing resources relative to the sending client device 300 to leverage the computing resources of the sending client device 300 to generate 330 modified audio data that is spatialized for a receiving user based on the information in the payload from the receiving client device 310. In embodiments where the sending client device 300 receives 320 the payload, information in the payload (e.g., a HRTF) is anonymized to prevent identification of the receiving user from the payload. Alternatively, the sending client device 300 locally stores a HRTF of the receiving user, which is anonymized to prevent identification of the receiving user, retrieves the HRTF of the receiving user from the payload, and generates 330 modified audio data spatialized for the receiving user based on the retrieved HRTF or information included in the payload from the receiving client device 310.
While FIG. 3 shows the communication system 305 receiving a payload from a single receiving client device 310 and transmitting 335 modified audio content to the single receiving client device 310, in other embodiments, a plurality of receiving client devices 310 exchange data with the communication system 305. Each receiving client device 310 transmits 320 a payload to the communication system 305, and the communication system 305 generates 330 modified audio content for each receiving client device 310 based on a corresponding payload from a receiving client device 310. This allows the communication system 305 to modify audio content for different receiving client devices 310 and to transmit audio content that has been differently modified for each receiving client device 310 to a corresponding receiving client device 310. Such an implementation allows the receiving client devices 310 to have lower computational resources than the sending client device 300 and to play audio content that has been modified (e.g., spatialized) for different receiving client devices 310 by leveraging the computing resources of the communication system 305 (or of the sending client device 300) to modify the audio content.
FIG. 4 is a system 400 that includes a headset 405, in accordance with one or more embodiments. In some embodiments, the headset 405 may be the headset 100 of FIG. 1A or the headset 105 of FIG. 1B. The system 400 may operate in an artificial reality environment (e.g., a virtual reality environment, an augmented reality environment, a mixed reality environment, or some combination thereof). The system 400 shown by FIG. 4 includes the headset 405, an input/output (I/O) interface 410 that is coupled to a console 415, the network 420, and the mapping server 425. While FIG. 4 shows an example system 400 including one headset 405 and one I/O interface 410, in other embodiments any number of these components may be included in the system 400. For example, there may be multiple headsets each having an associated I/O interface 410, with each headset and I/O interface 410 communicating with the console 415. In alternative configurations, different and/or additional components may be included in the system 400. Additionally, functionality described in conjunction with one or more of the components shown in FIG. 4 may be distributed among the components in a different manner than described in conjunction with FIG. 4 in some embodiments. For example, some or all of the functionality of the console 415 may be provided by the headset 405.
The headset 405 includes the display assembly 430, an optics block 435, one or more position sensors 440, and the DCA 445. Some embodiments of headset 405 have different components than those described in conjunction with FIG. 4. Additionally, the functionality provided by various components described in conjunction with FIG. 4 may be differently distributed among the components of the headset 405 in other embodiments or be captured in separate assemblies remote from the headset 405.
The display assembly 430 displays content to the user in accordance with data received from the console 415. The display assembly 430 displays the content using one or more display elements (e.g., the display elements 120). A display element may be, e.g., an electronic display. In various embodiments, the display assembly 430 comprises a single display element or multiple display elements (e.g., a display for each eye of a user). Examples of an electronic display include: a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, an active-matrix organic light-emitting diode display (AMOLED), a waveguide display, some other display, or some combination thereof. Note in some embodiments, the display element 120 may also include some or all of the functionality of the optics block 435.
The optics block 435 may magnify image light received from the electronic display, corrects optical errors associated with the image light, and presents the corrected image light to one or both eyeboxes of the headset 405. In various embodiments, the optics block 435 includes one or more optical elements. Example optical elements included in the optics block 435 include: an aperture, a Fresnel lens, a convex lens, a concave lens, a filter, a reflecting surface, or any other suitable optical element that affects image light. Moreover, the optics block 435 may include combinations of different optical elements. In some embodiments, one or more of the optical elements in the optics block 435 may have one or more coatings, such as partially reflective or anti-reflective coatings.
Magnification and focusing of the image light by the optics block 435 allows the electronic display to be physically smaller, weigh less, and consume less power than larger displays. Additionally, magnification may increase the field of view of the content presented by the electronic display. For example, the field of view of the displayed content is such that the displayed content is presented using almost all (e.g., approximately 110 degrees diagonal), and in some cases, all of the user's field of view. Additionally, in some embodiments, the amount of magnification may be adjusted by adding or removing optical elements.
In some embodiments, the optics block 435 may be designed to correct one or more types of optical error. Examples of optical error include barrel or pincushion distortion, longitudinal chromatic aberrations, or transverse chromatic aberrations. Other types of optical errors may further include spherical aberrations, chromatic aberrations, or errors due to the lens field curvature, astigmatisms, or any other type of optical error. In some embodiments, content provided to the electronic display for display is pre-distorted, and the optics block 435 corrects the distortion when it receives image light from the electronic display generated based on the content.
The position sensor 440 is an electronic device that generates data indicating a position of the headset 405. The position sensor 440 generates one or more measurement signals in response to motion of the headset 405. The position sensor 190 is an embodiment of the position sensor 440. Examples of a position sensor 440 include: one or more IMUs, one or more accelerometers, one or more gyroscopes, one or more magnetometers, another suitable type of sensor that detects motion, or some combination thereof. The position sensor 440 may include multiple accelerometers to measure translational motion (forward/back, up/down, left/right) and multiple gyroscopes to measure rotational motion (e.g., pitch, yaw, roll). In some embodiments, an IMU rapidly samples the measurement signals and calculates the estimated position of the headset 405 from the sampled data. For example, the IMU integrates the measurement signals received from the accelerometers over time to estimate a velocity vector and integrates the velocity vector over time to determine an estimated position of a reference point on the headset 405. The reference point is a point that may be used to describe the position of the headset 405. While the reference point may generally be defined as a point in space, however, in practice the reference point is defined as a point within the headset 405.
The DCA 445 generates depth information for a portion of the local area. The DCA includes one or more imaging devices and a DCA controller. The DCA 445 may also include an illuminator. Operation and structure of the DCA 445 is described above with regard to FIG. 1A.
The audio system 450 provides audio content to a user of the headset 405. The audio system 450 is substantially the same as the audio system 200 describe above. The audio system 450 may comprise one or acoustic sensors, one or more transducers, and an audio controller. The audio system 450 may provide spatialized audio content to the user. In some embodiments, the audio system 450 may request acoustic parameters from the mapping server 425 over the network 420. The acoustic parameters describe one or more acoustic properties (e.g., room impulse response, a reverberation time, a reverberation level, etc.) of the local area. The audio system 450 may provide information describing at least a portion of the local area from e.g., the DCA 445 and/or location information for the headset 405 from the position sensor 440. The audio system 450 may generate one or more sound filters using one or more of the acoustic parameters received from the mapping server 425 and use the sound filters to provide audio content to the user.
The I/O interface 410 is a device that allows a user to send action requests and receive responses from the console 415. An action request is a request to perform a particular action. For example, an action request may be an instruction to start or end capture of image or video data, or an instruction to perform a particular action within an application. The I/O interface 410 may include one or more input devices. Example input devices include: a keyboard, a mouse, a game controller, or any other suitable device for receiving action requests and communicating the action requests to the console 415. An action request received by the I/O interface 410 is communicated to the console 415, which performs an action corresponding to the action request. In some embodiments, the I/O interface 410 includes an IMU that captures calibration data indicating an estimated position of the I/O interface 410 relative to an initial position of the I/O interface 410. In some embodiments, the I/O interface 410 may provide haptic feedback to the user in accordance with instructions received from the console 415. For example, haptic feedback is provided when an action request is received, or the console 415 communicates instructions to the I/O interface 410 causing the I/O interface 410 to generate haptic feedback when the console 415 performs an action.
The console 415 provides content to the headset 405 for processing in accordance with information received from one or more of: the DCA 445, the headset 405, and the I/O interface 410. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the console 415 includes an application store 455, a tracking module 460, and an engine 465. Some embodiments of the console 415 have different modules or components than those described in conjunction with FIG. 4. Similarly, the functions further described below may be distributed among components of the console 415 in a different manner than described in conjunction with FIG. 4. In some embodiments, the functionality discussed herein with respect to the console 415 may be implemented in the headset 405, or a remote system.
The application store 455 stores one or more applications for execution by the console 415. An application is a group of instructions, that when executed by a processor, generates content for presentation to the user. Content generated by an application may be in response to inputs received from the user via movement of the headset 405 or the I/O interface 410. Examples of applications include: gaming applications, conferencing applications, video playback applications, or other suitable applications.
The tracking module 460 tracks movements of the headset 405 or of the I/O interface 410 using information from the DCA 445, the one or more position sensors 440, or some combination thereof. For example, the tracking module 460 determines a position of a reference point of the headset 405 in a mapping of a local area based on information from the headset 405. The tracking module 460 may also determine positions of an object or virtual object. Additionally, in some embodiments, the tracking module 460 may use portions of data indicating a position of the headset 405 from the position sensor 440 as well as representations of the local area from the DCA 445 to predict a future location of the headset 405. The tracking module 460 provides the estimated or predicted future position of the headset 405 or the I/O interface 410 to the engine 465.
The engine 465 executes applications and receives position information, acceleration information, velocity information, predicted future positions, or some combination thereof, of the headset 405 from the tracking module 460. Based on the received information, the engine 465 determines content to provide to the headset 405 for presentation to the user. For example, if the received information indicates that the user has looked to the left, the engine 465 generates content for the headset 405 that mirrors the user's movement in a virtual local area or in a local area augmenting the local area with additional content. Additionally, the engine 465 performs an action within an application executing on the console 415 in response to an action request received from the I/O interface 410 and provides feedback to the user that the action was performed. The provided feedback may be visual or audible feedback via the headset 405 or haptic feedback via the I/O interface 410.
The network 420 couples the headset 405 and/or the console 415 to the mapping server 425. The network 420 may include any combination of local area and/or wide area networks using both wireless and/or wired communication systems. For example, the network 420 may include the Internet, as well as mobile telephone networks. In one embodiment, the network 420 uses standard communications technologies and/or protocols. Hence, the network 420 may include links using technologies such as Ethernet, 802.11, worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), 2G/3G/4G mobile communications protocols, digital subscriber line (DSL), asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), InfiniBand, PCI Express Advanced Switching, etc. Similarly, the networking protocols used on the network 420 can include multiprotocol label switching (MPLS), the transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), the hypertext transport protocol (HTTP), the simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP), the file transfer protocol (FTP), etc. The data exchanged over the network 420 can be represented using technologies and/or formats including image data in binary form (e.g., Portable Network Graphics (PNG)), hypertext markup language (HTML), extensible markup language (XML), etc. In addition, all or some of links can be encrypted using conventional encryption technologies such as secure sockets layer (SSL), transport layer security (TLS), virtual private networks (VPNs), Internet Protocol security (IPsec), etc.
The mapping server 425 may include a database that stores a virtual model describing a plurality of spaces, wherein one location in the virtual model corresponds to a current configuration of a local area of the headset 405. The mapping server 425 receives, from the headset 405 via the network 420, information describing at least a portion of the local area and/or location information for the local area. The user may adjust privacy settings to allow or prevent the headset 405 from transmitting information to the mapping server 425. The mapping server 425 determines, based on the received information and/or location information, a location in the virtual model that is associated with the local area of the headset 405. The mapping server 425 determines (e.g., retrieves) one or more acoustic parameters associated with the local area, based in part on the determined location in the virtual model and any acoustic parameters associated with the determined location. The mapping server 425 may transmit the location of the local area and any values of acoustic parameters associated with the local area to the headset 405.
One or more components of system 400 may contain a privacy module that stores one or more privacy settings for user data elements. The user data elements describe the user or the headset 405. For example, the user data elements may describe a physical characteristic of the user, an action performed by the user, a location of the user of the headset 405, a location of the headset 405, an HRTF for the user, etc. Privacy settings (or “access settings”) for a user data element may be stored in any suitable manner, such as, for example, in association with the user data element, in an index on an authorization server, in another suitable manner, or any suitable combination thereof.
A privacy setting for a user data element specifies how the user data element (or particular information associated with the user data element) can be accessed, stored, or otherwise used (e.g., viewed, shared, modified, copied, executed, surfaced, or identified). In some embodiments, the privacy settings for a user data element may specify a “blocked list” of entities that may not access certain information associated with the user data element. The privacy settings associated with the user data element may specify any suitable granularity of permitted access or denial of access. For example, some entities may have permission to see that a specific user data element exists, some entities may have permission to view the content of the specific user data element, and some entities may have permission to modify the specific user data element. The privacy settings may allow the user to allow other entities to access or store user data elements for a finite period of time.
The privacy settings may allow a user to specify one or more geographic locations from which user data elements can be accessed. Access or denial of access to the user data elements may depend on the geographic location of an entity who is attempting to access the user data elements. For example, the user may allow access to a user data element and specify that the user data element is accessible to an entity only while the user is in a particular location. If the user leaves the particular location, the user data element may no longer be accessible to the entity. As another example, the user may specify that a user data element is accessible only to entities within a threshold distance from the user, such as another user of a headset within the same local area as the user. If the user subsequently changes location, the entity with access to the user data element may lose access, while a new group of entities may gain access as they come within the threshold distance of the user.
The system 400 may include one or more authorization/privacy servers for enforcing privacy settings. A request from an entity for a particular user data element may identify the entity associated with the request and the user data element may be sent only to the entity if the authorization server determines that the entity is authorized to access the user data element based on the privacy settings associated with the user data element. If the requesting entity is not authorized to access the user data element, the authorization server may prevent the requested user data element from being retrieved or may prevent the requested user data element from being sent to the entity. Although this disclosure describes enforcing privacy settings in a particular manner, this disclosure contemplates enforcing privacy settings in any suitable manner.
In various embodiments, the system 400 includes a communication system 470 coupled to the headset 405 via the network 420. The communication system 470 obtains audio content and transmits the audio content to the headset 405 via the network 420. The audio content may be obtained from another headset 405, may be locally stored on the communication system 470, or retrieved from another source by the communication system 470. Additionally, the communication system 470 receives a payload from the headset 405. As further described above in conjunction with FIG. 3, the payload includes one or more acoustic parameters of the headset 405 based on an environment including the headset 405 or of a user of the headset 405. Example acoustic parameters included in payload include: an audiogram describing a receiving user's sensitivity to different audio frequencies, head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), transfer functions for one or more sensors, array transfer functions (ATFs) for one or more of the acoustic sensors, sound source locations, virtual model of local area, direction of arrival estimates, sound filters, or any other suitable information.
The communication system 470 modifies the audio content based on the received payload and transmits the modified audio content to the headset 405 for presentation to a user. In various embodiments, the communication system 470 modifies the audio data as further described above in conjunction with the audio system 450 and in conjunction with FIG. 2. This allows the headset 405 to conserve computational resources by having the communication system 470 modify the audio content before the headset 405 receives the audio content. In some embodiments, the communication system 470 retrieves one or more acoustic parameters from the mapping server 425 and uses the acoustic parameters from the mapping server 425 when modifying the audio content. Further, the mapping server 425 and the communication system 470 may be combined into a single component in some embodiments.
Additional Configuration Information
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been presented for illustration; it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the patent rights to the precise forms disclosed. Persons skilled in the relevant art can appreciate that many modifications and variations are possible considering the above disclosure.
Some portions of this description describe the embodiments in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on information. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are commonly used by those skilled in the data processing arts to convey the substance of their work effectively to others skilled in the art. These operations, while described functionally, computationally, or logically, are understood to be implemented by computer programs or equivalent electrical circuits, microcode, or the like. Furthermore, it has also proven convenient at times, to refer to these arrangements of operations as modules, without loss of generality. The described operations and their associated modules may be embodied in software, firmware, hardware, or any combinations thereof.
Any of the steps, operations, or processes described herein may be performed or implemented with one or more hardware or software modules, alone or in combination with other devices. In one embodiment, a software module is implemented with a computer program product comprising a computer-readable medium containing computer program code, which can be executed by a computer processor for performing any or all the steps, operations, or processes described.
Embodiments may also relate to an apparatus for performing the operations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, and/or it may comprise a general-purpose computing device selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, which may be coupled to a computer system bus. Furthermore, any computing systems referred to in the specification may include a single processor or may be architectures employing multiple processor designs for increased computing capability.
Embodiments may also relate to a product that is produced by a computing process described herein. Such a product may comprise information resulting from a computing process, where the information is stored on a non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium and may include any embodiment of a computer program product or other data combination described herein.
Finally, the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and it may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the patent rights. It is therefore intended that the scope of the patent rights be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by any claims that issue on an application based hereon. Accordingly, the disclosure of the embodiments is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the patent rights, which is set forth in the following claims.
