Snap Patent | Providing change in presence sounds within virtual working environment
Patent: Providing change in presence sounds within virtual working environment
Patent PDF: 20240069857
Publication Number: 20240069857
Publication Date: 2024-02-29
Assignee: Snap Inc
Abstract
Aspects of the present disclosure involve a system comprising a computer-readable storage medium storing a program and method for presenting change of presence sounds within a virtual working environment. The program and method provide for receiving, from a first client device of a first participant of a group of participants within a virtual working environment, interaction data relating to the first participant being present at the first client device, the group of participants having been selected from among plural participants of the virtual working environment; determining a change in presence of the first participant with respect to the first client device; generating, in response to the determining, a sound corresponding to the change in presence; and providing the generated sound to one or more second client devices of respective one or more second participants of the group of participants, for presentation on the one or more second client devices.
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Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure relates generally to virtual conferencing systems, including providing change in presence sounds within a virtual working environment.
BACKGROUND
A virtual conferencing system provides for the reception and transmission of audio and video data between devices, for communication between device users in real-time.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numerals may describe similar components in different views. To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or act, the most significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced. Some nonlimiting examples are illustrated in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a networked environment in which the present disclosure may be deployed, in accordance with some examples.
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of a virtual conferencing system, in accordance with some examples, that has both client-side and server-side functionality.
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of a data structure as maintained in a database, in accordance with some examples.
FIG. 4 illustrates a virtual space design interface with interface elements for designing a virtual space, in accordance with some example embodiments.
FIG. 5 illustrates a virtual space navigation interface with interface elements to navigate between the rooms of a virtual space and to participate in virtual conferencing with respect to the rooms, in accordance with some example embodiments.
FIG. 6 is an interaction diagram illustrating a process for providing a sound to indicate a participant's change in presence at their device within a virtual working environment, in accordance with some example embodiments.
FIG. 7 illustrates a desktop display in which a sound to indicate a participant's change in presence is provided to other participants within a virtual working environment, in accordance with some example embodiments.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a process for providing a sound to indicate a participant's change in presence at their device within a virtual working environment, in accordance with some example embodiments.
FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the form of a computer system within which a set of instructions may be executed for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, in accordance with some examples.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a software architecture within which examples may be implemented.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
A virtual conferencing system provides for the reception and transmission of audio and video data between devices, for communication between device users in real-time. In some cases, participants may wish to collaborate without necessarily initiating a virtual conference. For example, participants may correspond to employees of a company who wish to work together in a virtual manner, and provide ambient feedback with respect to one another.
The disclosed embodiments provide a virtual conferencing system that allows configuring a virtual working environment with groups of participants (e.g., employees). Each group may correspond to participants who are proximate or otherwise closely related (e.g., on a same team/group) in a virtual workspace. The client device of each participant is configured, with proper user permissions, to gather interaction data relating to the presence of the given participant at their respective device. The virtual conferencing system determines, from the interaction data, a change of presence of the given participant with respect to their device. The virtual conferencing system provides ambient effects, including audio indicating the change in the participant's presence, to the other participants of the group. By virtue of the foregoing, the virtual conferencing system provides for increased user engagement with respect to participating in a virtual working environment.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example virtual conferencing system 100 for exchanging data over a network. The virtual conferencing system 100 includes multiple instances of a client device 102, each of which hosts a number of applications, including a virtual conference client 104 and other application(s) 106. Each virtual conference client 104 is communicatively coupled to other instances of the virtual conference client 104 (e.g., hosted on respective other client devices 102), a virtual conference server system 108 and third-party servers 110 via a network 112 (e.g., the Internet). A virtual conference client 104 can also communicate with locally-hosted applications 106 using Applications Program Interfaces (APIs).
The virtual conferencing system 100 provides for the reception and transmission of audio, video, image, text and/or other signals by user devices (e.g., at different locations), for communication between users in real-time. In some cases, two users may utilize virtual conferencing to communicate with each other in one-to-one communication at their respective devices. In other cases, multiway virtual conferencing may be utilized by more than two users to participate in a real-time, group conversation. Thus, multiple client devices 102 may participate in virtual conferencing, for example, with the client devices 102 participating in a group conversation in which audio-video content streams and/or message content (e.g., text, images) are transmitted between the participant devices.
A virtual conference client 104 is able to communicate and exchange data with other virtual conference clients 104 and with the virtual conference server system 108 via the network 112. The data exchanged between virtual conference clients 104, and between a virtual conference client 104 and the virtual conference server system 108, includes functions (e.g., commands to invoke functions) as well as payload data (e.g., video, audio, other multimedia data, text).
The virtual conference server system 108 provides server-side functionality via the network 112 to a particular virtual conference client 104. For example, with respect to transmitting audio and/or video streams, the virtual conference client 104 (e.g., installed on a first client device 102) may facilitate in transmitting streaming content to the virtual conference server system 108 for subsequent receipt by other participant devices (e.g., one or more second client devices 102) running respective instances of the virtual conference client 104.
The streaming content can correspond to audio and/or video content captured by sensors (e.g., microphones, video cameras) on the client devices 102, for example, corresponding to real-time video and/or audio capture of the users (e.g., faces) and/or other sights and sounds captured by the respective device. The streaming content may be supplemented with other audio/visual data (e.g., animations, overlays, emoticons and the like) and/or message content (e.g., text, stickers, emojis, other image/video data), for example, in conjunction with extension applications and/or widgets associated with the virtual conference client 104.
While certain functions of the virtual conferencing system 100 are described herein as being performed by either a virtual conference client 104 or by the virtual conference server system 108, the location of certain functionality either within the virtual conference client 104 or the virtual conference server system 108 may be a design choice. For example, it may be technically preferable to initially deploy certain technology and functionality within the virtual conference server system 108 but to later migrate this technology and functionality to the virtual conference client 104 where a client device 102 has sufficient processing capacity.
The virtual conference server system 108 supports various services and operations that are provided to the virtual conference client 104. Such operations include transmitting data to, receiving data from, and processing data generated by the virtual conference client 104. This data may include the above-mentioned streaming content and/or message content, client device information, and social network information, as examples. Data exchanges within the virtual conferencing system 100 are invoked and controlled through functions available via user interfaces (UIs) of the virtual conference client 104.
Turning now specifically to the virtual conference server system 108, an Application Program Interface (API) server 114 is coupled to, and provides a programmatic interface to, application servers 118. The application servers 118 are communicatively coupled to a database server 124, which facilitates access to a database 126 that stores data associated with virtual conference content processed by the application servers 118. Similarly, a web server 116 is coupled to the application servers 118, and provides web-based interfaces to the application servers 118. To this end, the web server 116 processes incoming network requests over the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and several other related protocols.
The Application Program Interface (API) server 114 receives and transmits virtual conference data (e.g., commands, audio/video payloads) between the client device 102 and the application servers 118. Specifically, the Application Program Interface (API) server 114 provides a set of interfaces (e.g., routines and protocols) that can be called or queried by the virtual conference client 104 in order to invoke functionality of the application servers 118. The Application Program Interface (API) server 114 exposes various functions supported by the application servers 118, including account registration, login functionality, the streaming of audio and/or video content, and/or the sending and retrieval of message content, via the application servers 118, from a particular virtual conference client 104 to another virtual conference client 104, the retrieval of a list of contacts of a user of a client device 102, the addition and deletion of users (e.g., contacts) to a user graph (e.g., a social graph), and opening an application event (e.g., relating to the virtual conference client 104).
The application servers 118 host a number of server applications and subsystems, including for example a virtual conference server 120 and a social network server 122. The virtual conference server 120 implements a number of virtual conference processing technologies and functions, particularly related to the aggregation and other processing of content (e.g., streaming content) included in audio-video feeds received from multiple instances of the virtual conference client 104. Other processor and memory intensive processing of data may also be performed server-side by the virtual conference server 120, in view of the hardware requirements for such processing.
The social network server 122 supports various social networking functions and services and makes these functions and services available to the virtual conference server 120. To this end, the social network server 122 maintains and accesses a user graph 304 (as shown in FIG. 3) within the database 126. Examples of functions and services supported by the social network server 122 include the identification of other users of the virtual conferencing system 100 with which a particular user has relationships (e.g., contacts such as friends, colleagues, teachers, students, and the like).
In one or more embodiments, a user interacting via the virtual conference client 104 running on a first client device 102 may select and invite participant(s) to a virtual conference. For example, the participants may be selected from contacts maintained by the social network server 122. In another example, the participants may be selected from contacts included within a contact address book stored in association with the first client device 102 (e.g., in local memory or in a cloud-based user account). In another example, the participants may be selected by the user manually entering email addresses and/or phone numbers of the participants.
The user at the first client device 102 may initiate the virtual conference by selecting an appropriate user interface element provided by the virtual conference client 104, thereby prompting the invited participants, at their respective devices (e.g., one or more second client devices 102), to accept or decline participation in the virtual conference. When the participant(s) have accepted the invitation (e.g., via the prompt), the virtual conference server system 108 may perform an initialization procedure in which session information is published between the participant client devices 102, including the user who provided the invite. Each of the participant client devices 102 may provide respective session information to the virtual conference server system 108, which in turn publishes the session information to the other participant client devices 102. The session information for each client device 102 may include content stream(s) and/or message content that is made available by the client device 102, together with respective identifiers for the content stream(s) and/or message content.
As described below with respect to FIG. 2, the virtual conference may correspond to a virtual space which includes one or more rooms (e.g., virtual rooms). The virtual space and its corresponding rooms may have been created at least in part by the inviting user and/or by other users. In this manner, an end user may act as an administrator, who creates their own virtual spaces with rooms, and/or designs a virtual space based on preset available rooms.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating further details regarding the virtual conferencing system 100, according to some examples. Specifically, the virtual conferencing system 100 is shown to comprise the virtual conference client 104 and the application servers 118. The virtual conferencing system 100 embodies a number of subsystems, which are supported on the client-side by the virtual conference client 104 and on the server-side by the application servers 118. These subsystems include, for example, a virtual space creation system 202 which implements a virtual space design interface 204, a virtual space participation system 206 which implements a virtual space navigation interface 208, and a virtual working environment system 210.
The virtual space creation system 202 provides for a user to design one or more virtual space(s) in which participants may engage in virtual conferencing. In one or more embodiments, a virtual space corresponds to an environment with one or more rooms configured to accommodate virtual conferencing.
The virtual space may be created and/or selected (e.g., from among a set of predefined virtual spaces with rooms) by an end user who wishes to invite other users for virtual conferencing. In addition, the individual rooms of a virtual space may be newly-created and/or selected (e.g., from among a set of predefined rooms) by the end user. In one or more embodiments, the virtual space creation system 202 includes a virtual space design interface 204, which is usable by the end user to design a virtual space, including creating and/or selecting rooms for including in the virtual space.
As discussed below with respect to FIG. 4, the virtual space design interface 204 enables an end user (e.g., acting as an administrator) to select and/or position multiple elements within in a room. Examples of elements include, but are not limited to, participant video elements (e.g., for displaying the respective video feeds of participants), chat interfaces (e.g., for participants to provide text-based messages, stickers and/or reactions within a room), breakout buttons (e.g., for shuffling from a first room to one or more second rooms), and/or other user-definable elements for performing certain actions (e.g., speaking into a virtual microphone, querying an administrator via a button, and the like).
The virtual space participation system 206 is configured to perform virtual conferencing among participants within a virtual space. The participants may include the end user (e.g., administrator) who created the virtual space, as well as those users who were invited to participate in virtual conferencing with respect to the virtual space created/selected by the end user. The virtual space participation system 206 includes a virtual space navigation interface 208 (e.g., discussed below with respect to FIG. 5) that allows participants to navigate between the rooms of a virtual space, and to participate in virtual conferencing with respect to the rooms.
In one or more embodiments, the virtual space creation system 202 and the virtual space participation system 206 provide for an end user (e.g., an administrator) to create different types of environments (e.g., virtual spaces with rooms) for virtual conferencing, and for participants to engage in virtual conferencing within such environments. Examples of such virtual conferencing include, but are not limited to: business meetings, seminars, presentations, classroom lectures, teacher office hours, concerts, reunions, virtual dinners, escape rooms, and the like.
The virtual working environment system 210 provides for a user to design a virtual working environment, in which participants (e.g., remote employees) may virtually work with each other. As described herein, a virtual working environment provides for simulating the ambience and feel of being in a physical, in-person workspace environment with other employees. Examples of such ambience include, but are not limited to, the reactions (e.g., laughing, applause), background utterances, keyboard clicks, footsteps, furniture noises (e.g., chair rolling, doors closing), and the like, that may normally occur in association with the movement of people in a physical workspace.
The virtual working environment system 210 provides for a user to specify all participants (e.g., employees) within a particular working environment (e.g., all employees of an office building, or a floor of the office building). In addition, the virtual working environment system 210 allows the user to define specific groups of participants. For example, a group may refer to participants: being virtually proximate to each other, being on a similar team/project, waiting to attend a particular virtual conference in association with the virtual space participation system 206, and the like.
Based on the selected groups, the virtual working environment system 210 as described herein provides ambient effects for those participants in the group, to simulate a physical workspace. For example, while a physical workspace may include employees' reactions (e.g., laughter) for employees proximate to each other in a particular area of an office building, the virtual working environment created by the virtual working environment system 210 may include reactions (e.g., laughter icons) and/or time-limited video feeds (e.g., video selfies) that appear for a fixed duration on each of the devices for participants in a specific group (e.g., who are virtually proximate to each other). In another example, while a physical workspace may include background utterances, keyboard clicks, footsteps, furniture noises, and the like, such noises may be simulated in the virtual working environment to indicate ambience and/or the presence of other participants (e.g., employees) in a group.
In one or more embodiments, the virtual working environment system 210 presents the ambient effects to participants of a group in real-time. In addition, the ambient effects may be presented in a full-screen capacity (e.g., across the entire desktop display), so as not to be limited to an application window corresponding to the virtual conference client 104. In this manner, a participant may invoke the virtual conference client 104 on their respective client device 102, with the virtual conference client 104 running on any window (e.g., whether minimized, backgrounded or foregrounded), and the virtual working environment system 210 can provide the ambient effects in a full-screen manner.
To render effects in a full-screen manner, the virtual working environment system 210 creates a full-screen window with a transparent background, and overlays the full-screen window on the desktop. The virtual working environment system 210 renders ambient effects (e.g., reaction icons, time-limited video feeds) on the full-screen window. In addition, the virtual working environment system 210 is configured to detect whether user input (e.g., the user's mouse) is over a transparent or non-transparent region of the desktop (e.g., where a ambient effect such as a reaction icon or time-limited video feed is being rendered), and to pass-through the user input (e.g., mouse click) to windows underneath the full-screen transparent window as needed.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating data structures 300, which may be stored in the database 126 of the virtual conference server system 108, according to certain examples. While the content of the database 126 is shown to comprise a number of tables, it will be appreciated that the data could be stored in other types of data structures (e.g., as an object-oriented database).
The database 126 includes profile data 302, a user graph 304 and a user table 306 relating to the users (participants) of the virtual conferencing system 100. The user table 306 stores user data, and is linked (e.g., referentially) to the user graph 304 and the profile data 302. Each user of the virtual conferencing system 100 is associated with a unique identifier (email address, telephone number, social network identifier, etc.).
The user graph 304 stores (e.g., in conjunction with the social network server 122) information regarding relationships and associations between users. Such relationships may be social, professional (e.g., work at a common corporation or organization) interested-based or activity-based, merely for example. As noted above, the user graph 304 may be maintained and accessed at least in part by the social network server 122.
In one or more embodiments, the user graph 304 further stores an indication of which groups within a virtual working environment a particular end user is assigned to. As noted above, the virtual working environment system 210 provides for the selection of groups of participants (e.g., groups of employees) with respect to the presentation of ambient effects in a virtual working environment.
The profile data 302 stores multiple types of profile data about a particular user. The profile data 302 may be selectively used and presented to other users of the virtual conferencing system 100, based on privacy settings specified by a particular user. The profile data 302 includes, for example, a user name, telephone number, email address, and/or settings (e.g., notification and privacy settings), as well as a user-selected avatar representation.
The database 126 further includes a virtual spaces table 308. As noted above, a virtual space corresponds to an environment with one or more rooms configured to accommodate virtual conferencing. A virtual space may be newly-created by a user, or may be included within one or more sets of public virtual spaces made available (e.g., by other users, system administrators, and the like) for virtual conferencing. The virtual spaces table 308 stores information representing the one or more sets of public virtual spaces, as well as any private virtual space(s) created by a user (e.g., in a case where the particular user did not make such virtual space(s) public).
In one or more embodiments, the virtual spaces table 308 stores associations between its virtual spaces and users (e.g., within the user table 306) who selected those virtual spaces. In this manner, it is possible for a particular user to have one or more virtual spaces associated therewith. Moreover, the database 126 includes a rooms table 310 which may be associated with the virtual spaces within the virtual spaces table 308. As noted above, a room may be newly-created by a user, or may be included within one or more sets (e.g., galleries) of public rooms made available for user selection. The rooms table 310 stores information representing the one or more sets of rooms, as well as any private room(s) created by the user (e.g., in a case where the particular user did not make such room(s) public). The stored information is usable by the virtual conferencing system 100 to create the corresponding rooms for use in a virtual space. In one or more embodiments, the stored information may further include recordings (e.g., audio and/or video recordings) of a particular virtual conference, for subsequent playback by corresponding participants.
FIG. 4 illustrates a virtual space design interface 204 with interface elements for designing a virtual space, in accordance with some example embodiments. Designing the virtual space may include creation and/or selection of rooms for including in the virtual space. The virtual space design interface 204 includes a menu interface 402, a room elements interface 404, an element properties interface 406, a controls interface 408, a room list interface 410, a room canvas interface 412, and an administrator name 414. It is noted that elements 402-414 correspond to an example of interface elements for the virtual space design interface 204, and that additional, fewer and/or different interface elements may be used.
An administrator (e.g., corresponding to administrator name 414) may use the various interface elements to design a virtual space. In one or more embodiments, the menu interface 402 includes user-selectable categories (e.g., menu headings) relating to a virtual space (e.g., “workspace”), rooms within the virtual space, and/or elements within a room. For example, the workspace category is user-selectable for presenting options (e.g., via a drop-down list) to manage settings for the virtual space, manage invites for the virtual space, manage versions of a virtual space, publish the virtual space (e.g., for future use by users), manage virtual space publications, and/or to start/manage recordings (e.g., audio and/or video recordings) with respect to the virtual space.
The room category of the menu interface 402 is user-selectable for presenting options (e.g., via a drop-down list) to manage settings for a room within the virtual space, set a room background, set an order for the rooms listed in the room list interface 410, create a new room, import a room from a set of available rooms, remove a room, publish a room, manage room publications, and/or to start/manage recordings with respect to a room.
In addition, the element category is user-selectable for presenting options (e.g., via a drop-down list) to insert elements into a room, insert shapes into a room, foreground/background elements, arrange/position elements, and/or group elements. Examples of elements include, but are not limited to: an action button, analog clock, audience question board, backpack item, breakout button, chat, closed caption display, closed caption input, countdown, clock, digital clock, doorbell, double-sided image, feedback, image, multiuser video chat, music, participant audio mixer, participant count, participant video, picture strip, poll, random source, room preview, scheduled time, sound effect, stopwatch, take picture, text, timer, user search, video, waiting list, web media, website. Examples of shapes include, but are not limited to, a circle, rectangle and triangle.
The users category of the menu interface 402 is user-selectable for presenting options (e.g., via a drop-down list) to manage users/participants of the virtual space (e.g., adding tags for participants, so as to distinguish between roles such as an administrator or an attendee/participant). In addition, the edit category is user-selectable for performing edit operations (e.g., undo, redo, cut, copy, paste), and the help category is user-selectable for performing help operations (e.g., getting started, discord, live help, submitting feedback).
In one or more embodiments, the room elements interface 404 includes user-selectable icons for inserting elements (e.g., corresponding to a subset of those available via the above-mentioned element category) into a current room. For example, the elements may be added and/or positioned within the current room by selecting the element and dragging the selected element onto the room canvas interface 412, which represents the layout of the current room.
In one or more embodiments, the room elements interface 404 include icons including but not limited to: a text icon for adding text to a room; a participant video icon for adding a single participant video element (e.g., an interface element which is selectable by a single participant for displaying that participant's video feed) to a room; a multiuser video icon for adding a multiple participant video element (e.g., an interface element which is selectable by one or more participants for displaying the video feeds for those participants) to a room; a chat icon for adding a chat interface (e.g., for messaging using text, stickers, emojis, etc.) to a room; a video playback icon for adding a video playback element (e.g., screen) to a room for playback of a selected video; a background icon for selecting a background color/gradient, image or video to a room; an action icon for adding an action element (e.g., button) to a room for performing a user-defined action (e.g., speaking into a virtual microphone, querying an administrator via a button, and the like); and/or a breakout button for adding a breakout element (e.g., button) for shuffling selected participants between the current room and one or more other rooms.
In one or more embodiments, the element properties interface 406 include various fields for setting configuration properties for above-described room elements. For example, with respect to elements in general (e.g., text, single participant video element, multi participant video element, chat interface, video element, background image, action element, breakout button), the element properties interface 406 includes fields for setting the element title/name, opacity, gradient, style, layout, borders/corners, shadows, interaction (e.g., to what extent participant(s) may delete, modify, resize the element), filtering, full screen status, conditions, accessibility and actions for the element. For the single participant video element, the element properties interface 406 includes further fields for setting the manner in which users are placed into the single participant video element during virtual conferencing (e.g., automatically, manually by the participant and/or the administrator end user). In addition, for the chat interface, the element properties interface 406 includes further properties for setting who (e.g., administrator and/or participants) can provide chat input, and/or which types of input (e.g., text, stickers, emojis, etc.) are available. For the action element, the element properties interface 406 includes further properties for setting what type of action is to be performed in response to user selection of the action element (e.g., button). Moreover, for the breakout element, the element properties interface 406 includes further properties for selecting participants and/or breakout rooms.
In one or more embodiments, the element properties interface 406 further includes fields for setting configuration properties for the room canvas interface 412. For example, the element properties interface 406 includes fields for selecting a number of fake participants (e.g., simulated video feeds) in order to visualize multiple users, selecting music (e.g., background music), and/or selecting reaction buttons for participants to indicate real-time reactions with respect to virtual conferencing within a room.
In one or more embodiments, the controls interface 408 includes user-selectable icons corresponding to controls (e.g., administrative controls) for the virtual space. For example, the controls interface 408 include icons including but not limited to: a director mode icon for toggling between a director mode for designing a room and a user mode for viewing the room within the virtual space design interface 204 (e.g., with the director mode including the room elements interface 404 and the element properties interface 406 while the user mode does not); a view icon for viewing the room within the virtual space navigation interface 208; a share screen icon (e.g., for collaborative design with other user(s) such as co-administrators); a microphone icon for enabling or disabling the microphone; a help icon (e.g., getting started, discord, live help, submitting feedback); an invite icon (e.g., for displaying an invite link for sending to participants to visit the virtual space); a settings icon (e.g., for selecting the end user's video and audio devices for the virtual conferencing, and for selecting a user avatar); and/or an exit icon for exiting the virtual space design interface 204.
In one or more embodiments, the room list interface 410 displays the list of rooms for the virtual space. Each listed room is user selectable to switch to edit (e.g., in director mode) and/or view (e.g., in user mode) the selected room. As noted above, the list of rooms may be modified (e.g., by adding, importing and/or removing rooms) via the options within the room category of the menu interface 402.
FIG. 5 illustrates a virtual space navigation interface 208 with interface elements to navigate between the rooms of a virtual space and to participate in virtual conferencing with respect to the rooms, in accordance with some example embodiments. The virtual space navigation interface 208 includes a controls interface 502, a room list interface 504, a current room interface 506, a participant video element 508 and a participant video element 510. It is noted that elements 502-514 correspond to an example of interface elements for the virtual space navigation interface 208, and that additional, fewer and/or different interface elements may be used.
In one or more embodiments, the controls interface 502 includes user-selectable icons corresponding to controls (e.g., administrative controls) for the virtual space. For example, the controls interface 408 include icons including but not limited to: an edit icon for redirecting to the virtual space design interface 204 to edit the current room; a volume icon for adjusting a volume level for the current room; a share screen icon (e.g., for allowing others to view the room without necessarily joining the room); a microphone icon for muting and unmuting the microphone; a help icon (e.g., getting started, discord, live help, submitting feedback); an invite icon (e.g., for displaying an invite link for participants to visit the virtual space); a settings icon (e.g., for selecting the end user's video and audio devices for the virtual conferencing, and for selecting a user avatar); and/or an exit icon for exiting the virtual space design interface 204.
In one or more embodiments, the room list interface 504 displays the list of rooms for the virtual space. Each listed room is user selectable to switch to the selected room (e.g., for virtual conferencing). The selected room is presented as a current room within the current room interface 506. In this manner, a participant may navigate among the multiple rooms available within the virtual space. Alternatively or in addition, navigation between rooms is possible via a virtual space map interface (not shown) which depicts a map view of the virtual space (e.g., a floor plan) and its corresponding rooms, with each room being user selectable to navigate thereto. Alternatively or in addition, navigation between rooms is further possible by positioning a navigation button (not shown) within a room, where user selection of the button results in navigating to another room (e.g., a predefined room). As noted above, the virtual space design interface 204 allows for the design of a virtual space and its corresponding rooms. As such, navigation between rooms is based at least in part on the design of the virtual space (e.g., a virtual space may include one or more of the above-mentioned room list interface 504, the virtual space map/floor plan interface and/or the navigation button).
With respect to the current room interface 506, each participant is represented as a respective participant video element. As noted above, a participant video element corresponds to an interface element (e.g., a box) which is selectable by a single participant for displaying that participant's video feed. The example of FIG. 5 includes a first participant associated with the participant video element 508 and a second participant associated with the participant video element 510. In one or more embodiments, with respect to the perspective of the first participant, the participant video element 510 showing the feed of the second participant may include participant button(s) 512. For example, the participant button(s) 512 are selectable by the first participant so as to perform a predefined action (e.g., initiate a side conversation, designate the second participant to follow the first participant when the first participant moves rooms) with respect to the second participant.
As noted above, the element properties interface 406 of FIG. 4 may include fields for selecting reaction buttons for participants, to indicate real-time reactions with respect to virtual conferencing within a room. The example of FIG. 5 includes a reactions interface 514 with user-selectable elements to present inputted text, and icons (e.g., reaction buttons) for indicating different types of reactions/sentiments. Examples of such reactions include but are not limited to: love/happiness (e.g., heart button), laughing (e.g., laughing face button), boredom (e.g., sleeping face button), disagreement (e.g., thumbs down button, not shown), agreement (e.g., thumbs up or high five icon), applause (e.g., applause button depicted as clapping hands), and praising/expressing gratitude (e.g., praying hands icon).
While the example of FIG. 5 illustrates two participants, it is possible for the current room interface 506 to accommodate additional participants for virtual conferencing. The additional participants may be positioned (e.g., automatically and/or manually by dragging) based on the positioning of participant video elements (e.g., boxes) as designed by the virtual space design interface 204.
In one or more embodiments, the virtual space navigation interface 208 may vary based on whether a given participant is an administrator or another participant (e.g., an attendee). For example, some participant video elements may be designated (e.g., via the virtual space design interface 204) for administrators, while other participant video elements are designated for other participants. The virtual conference server system 108 is configured to distinguish between these administrator or other participant roles, for example, based on the above-described tags assigned to participants via the users category of the menu interface 402 provided by the virtual space design interface 204.
FIG. 6 is an interaction diagram illustrating a process 600 for providing a sound to indicate a participant's change in presence at their device within a virtual working environment, in accordance with some example embodiments. For explanatory purposes, the process 600 is described herein with reference to a first client device 602, a second client device 604, a third client device 606 and the virtual conference server system 108. Each of the operation 618, the second client device 604 and the third client device 606 may correspond to a respective client device 102. The process 600 is not limited to the first client device 602, the second client device 604, the third client device 606 and the virtual conference server system 108. Moreover, one or more blocks (or operations) of the process 600 may be performed by one or more other components of the first client device 602, the second client device 604, the third client device 606 or the virtual conference server system 108, and/or by other suitable devices. Further for explanatory purposes, the blocks (or operations) of the process 600 are described herein as occurring in serial, or linearly. However, multiple blocks (or operations) of the process 600 may occur in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the blocks (or operations) of the process 600 need not be performed in the order shown and/or one or more blocks (or operations) of the process 600 need not be performed and/or can be replaced by other operations. The process 600 may be terminated when its operations are completed. In addition, the process 600 may correspond to a method, a procedure, an algorithm, etc.
Each of the first client device 602, the second client device 604 and the third client device 606 have instances of the virtual conference client 104 installed thereon. In the example of FIG. 6, the first client device 602, the second client device 604 and the third client device 606 are associated with a respective first participant, second participant and third participant of the virtual conference server system 108. For example, the first participant may be associated with a first user account of the virtual conference server system 108, and the second and third participants may be associated with respective second and third user accounts of the virtual conference server system 108.
As noted above, the first, second and third participants are identifiable by the virtual conference server system 108 based on unique identifiers (e.g., email addresses, telephone numbers) associated with respective user accounts for the first, second and third participants. In one or more embodiments, the virtual conference server system 108 implements and/or works in conjunction with a social network server 122 which is configured to identify contacts with which a particular user has relationships. For example, the first, second and third participants may be contacts with respect to the virtual conference server system 108.
As described herein, the virtual conferencing system 100 provides for configuring a virtual working environment with groups of participants (e.g., employees). Each group may correspond to participants who are proximate or otherwise closely related (e.g., on a same team/group) in a virtual workspace. The virtual conferencing system 100 is configured to present ambient effects to the participants of a group. For example, the ambient effects correspond to a simulation of the ambient sounds/feelings in a physical workspace office. In one or more embodiments, the virtual conference client 104, running on the client device 102 of a given participant (e.g., the second participant), gathers interaction data relating to the presence of the given participant at their respective device (e.g., the second client device 604). The virtual conferencing system 100 is configured to determine, from the interaction data, a change of presence of the given participant with respect to their device. The virtual conferencing system 100 provides ambient effects, including audio indicating the change in the participant's presence, to the other participants of the group.
In the example of FIG. 6, operations 608-614 may correspond to a first phase (e.g., a “design phase”) and operations 616-628 may correspond to a second phase (e.g., a “virtual working phase”). During the design phase, a user (e.g., administrator) provides input for specifying one or more groups of participants. As noted above, the virtual working environment system 210 provides for the selection of groups of participants (e.g., groups of employees) with respect to the presentation of ambient effects in a virtual working environment. During the virtual working phase, the virtual conference server system 108 (e.g., in conjunction with the virtual working environment system 210) provides for presenting ambient effects, including the audio indicating the change in presence, to the participants of a particular group.
It may be understood that the second phase may occur shortly after the first phase, or after an extended period of time after the first phase. As such, FIG. 6 includes a dashed line separating the first phase and the second phase for illustrative purposes. However, it is noted that the virtual working environment system 210 provides for groups to be adjusted in real-time, such that the first participant, the second participant(s), and/or third participant(s) (not shown) may modify a group by adding and/or deleting participants. For example, the first and second participant(s) may choose to leave a group or add third participant(s) to a group. In another example, the third participant(s) may add themselves to a group and be added once approved by the first participant and/or second participant(s).
At operation 608, the virtual conference server system 108 provides, to the first client device 602, an interface for configuring a virtual working environment. The first client device 602 may correspond to an administrator who initially configures the virtual working environment, although the virtual working environment may be modifiable (e.g., by modifying groups) by other participants or at a later stage (e.g., in real-time during a virtual working session).
In one or more embodiments, the interface for configuring the virtual working environment corresponds to the virtual working environment system 210. The virtual working environment system 210 interface may include various fields for setting configuration properties for the virtual working environment. As noted above, the virtual working environment system 210 provides for selecting participants of a group. Participants of a group may present ambient effects (e.g., recreated keyboard and mouse sounds) with respect to each other, but not to participants outside of the group. In one or more embodiments, participants of a group are selectable by a user tag field, where the selected tag is used to include a participant in a particular group.
In one or more embodiments, the virtual working environment system 210 provides interface elements for designing a dock that is displayed to the participants during the virtual working phase. By way of non-limiting example, the dock may be configured (e.g., by the first participant) to include one or more of: a group interface (e.g., for viewing, modifying, switching and/or otherwise managing participants of a group); a reactions interface (e.g., including which reactions are available to the participants of the group) for presenting reaction icons (e.g., emojis, bitmojis, and the like) and enabling corresponding audio output; a text interface for presenting text; an image selection interface for selecting images (e.g., GIF reactions); a breakout button for initiating a breakout session to a room for virtual conferencing (e.g., within the virtual space navigation interface 208, and as designed via the virtual space design interface 204); an image capture element for capturing an image (e.g., a time-limited video feed such as a video selfie) of the participant via a camera connected to a client device 102 of the respective participant; and/or a group selector for allowing individual participants to switch between different groups that they are assigned to (or that they choose to join) while virtually working.
In one or more embodiments, the virtual working environment system 210 provides for the first user to specify one or more of the following with respect to the dock: a size, position, shape, title/name, opacity, gradient, style, layout, borders/corners, and/or shadows.
Thus, the virtual conference client 104 running on the first client device 602 (e.g., in conjunction with the virtual working environment system 210) provides display of the interface for setting properties of the virtual working environment. The first client device 602 receives user input for setting properties for the virtual working environment (block 610). The first client device 602 sends an indication of the properties for the virtual working environment to the virtual conference server system 108 (operation 612). For example, values input by the user at the first client device 602, for the various fields associated with the virtual working environment, are sent from the first client device 602 to the virtual conference server system 108.
The virtual conference server system 108 stores the properties for the virtual working environment (block 614). For example, the virtual conference server system 108 provides for storing the properties (e.g., user-selected values for the various fields) within the user graph 304 of the database 126.
As noted above, operations 616-626 relate to a virtual working phase, during which the virtual conference server system 108 (e.g., in conjunction with the virtual working environment system 210) provides for presenting ambient effects (e.g., changes of participant presence) within the virtual working environment as designed by the first client device 602.
During the virtual working phase, the virtual working environment system 210 provides for creating and displaying a full-screen window with a transparent background, and for overlaying the full-screen window on the desktop display (e.g., or mobile display) of each participant device. The virtual working environment system 210 renders the dock, as configured (e.g., by size, shape, position, color, and the like) during the design phase, on the full-screen window. In this manner, the dock may constantly appear on top of the desktop. The dock may default to being semi-transparent in nature (e.g., unless specified otherwise by the first participant during design).
The virtual working environment system 210 is configured to detect whether user input (e.g., the user's mouse) is over a transparent or non-transparent region of the desktop (e.g., where a ambient effect such as a reaction icon is being rendered), and to pass-through the user input (e.g., mouse click) to windows underneath the full-screen transparent window as needed. In this manner, the transparent, full-screen window is configured not to interfere with user interaction with respect to applications running on the first client device 602, the second client device 604 or the third client device 606.
In one or more embodiments, the dock can be repositioned, resized and otherwise modified (e.g., based on the interaction settings during design) on an individual participant's desktop (e.g., including across multiple displays). The virtual working environment system 210 provides for saving modifications on a per-participant basis (e.g., in the database 126), such that the modifications persist for specific participant across different instances/instances of the virtual conference client 104 (e.g., in a case where the participant closes and reopens the virtual conference client 104, turns the client device 102 on/off, and the like). In one more embodiments, keyboard shortcuts are provided and/or user-configurable for convenient and fast access to functionality of the docket (e.g., to modify the docket size, shape, etc., and/or to perform certain actions such as selecting particular reactions).
During the virtual working phase, the dock may include interface elements that allow individual participants to select permissions regarding the gathering of interaction data relating to presence at their respective client device 102. For example, via these interface elements, each participant can individually enable or disable whether the interaction data is gathered by their respective client device 102. In a case where an individual participant opts to enable gathering of such interaction data, the virtual conference server system 108 provides for providing sounds indicating that individual participant's change in presence to other participants. On the other hand, when an individual participant opts to disable this detection, the virtual conference server system 108 does not gather the interaction data, and does not provide corresponding sounds for that individual participant.
In the example of FIG. 6, the second participant at the second client device 604 opts for gathering of interaction data relating to the second participant's presence that the second client device 604. Thus, at block 616, the second client device 604 gathers interaction data relating to presence at their device. The second client device 604 sends an indication of the interaction data to the virtual conference server system 108 (operation 618).
For example, the interaction data relating to presence includes, but is not limited to, keyboard/mouse activity, face detection (e.g., if a camera happens to be enabled), and/or the idle state of the operating system for the second client device 604. Examples of the idle state of the operating system include the device screen save state, the device sleep state, and the like.
At block 620, the virtual conference server system 108 analyzes the interaction data received from the second client device 604, in order to determine a presence (e.g., or change thereof) of the second participant with respect to the second client device 604. For example, with respect to the keyboard/mouse activity, the second client device 604 (e.g., at block 616) detects the timing of keyboard and mouse input as provided by the second participant, without using the actual keystroke values (e.g., characters) or mouse values (e.g., positional information). The second client device 604 (e.g., at operation 618) sends an indication of the detected timing as interaction data to the virtual conference server system 108. In one or more embodiments, the keystrokes and mouse movements (e.g., clicks, wheel usage events) are recorded into 2-second timelines using timestamps with millisecond accuracy. The timelines are encoded into JSON.
Based on the received timing data, the virtual conference server system 108 is configured to determine whether the second participant is present at the second client device 604. For example, periods of slow or no keyboard/mouse input (e.g., based on reaching a threshold duration since most recent input and/or a threshold frequency of input) may suggest no presence, while periods of increased keyboard/mouse input (e.g., based on a threshold duration/frequency, and/or operating system idle flags) may suggest presence of the second participant.
With respect to face detection (e.g., if the camera is enabled and/or with proper user permissions based on the configurable dock settings), the second client device 604 (e.g., at block 616) may capture video of the second participant at the second client device 604. The second client device 604 (e.g., at operation 618) may send the captured video to the virtual conference server system 108. The virtual conference server system 108 is configured to determine whether the second participant is present at the second client device 604 based on the captured video. For example, captured video in which a face is detected suggests presence of the second participant at the second client device 604, while captured video in which a face (e.g., or other predefined portion of a body) is not detected suggests lack of presence for the second participant.
With respect to the idle state of the operating system of the second client device 604, the second client device 604 may send indications of the idle state (e.g., device screen save state, device sleep state, and the like) to the virtual conference server system 108 in real-time. The virtual conference server system 108 is configured to determine whether the second participant is present at the second client device 604 based on the received idle state of the operating system as continuously provided by the second client device 604.
In one or more embodiments, the virtual conference server system 108 is configured to analyze the interaction data as a combination of different factors, to determine if a change in presence is detected. For example, the virtual conference server system 108 is configured to analyze the above-described keyboard/mouse input timing data, the face detection data and/or the idle state operating system data, to determine when the second participant transitions from being present at their device to being away from their device, or vice versa. In one or more embodiments, the virtual conference server system 108 is configured to generate a score based on these factors, and/or to use machine learning to determine a probability of such change of presence by a participant. Thus, in the example of FIG. 6, the virtual conference server system 108 detects a change in presence based on the interaction data (e.g., per block 620).
At operations 622-624, the virtual conference server system 108 generates audio that indicates the change of presence of the second participant. For example, in a case where the change of presence corresponds to the participant switching from present to away, the virtual conference server system 108 generates audio (e.g., accesses a stored audio clip) of a rolling chair being backed up and weight (e.g., corresponding to the weight of an average person) being released from the chair seat/mechanics. In another example, in a case where the change of presence corresponds to the participant switching from away to present, the virtual conference server system 108 generates audio (e.g., access a different audio clip) of weight (e.g., of an average person) being applied to the chair seat/mechanics, and the sounds of the wheels of the chair being moved (e.g., with the occasional paper rustling or soda can opening). For example, these audio cues are intuitive, and useful in determining when a participant in the working group may be interruptible, since they are in transition (e.g., not focusing on a task or attending a meeting).
In one or more embodiments, the virtual conference server system 108 also provides for positioning the audio for each participant across the stereo field. In this way, the generated audio (e.g., of returning to the desk, leaving the desk) sounds as if coming from a specific direction (e.g., participant). For example, this allows participants to ambiently perceive the presence of other participants, and to personally develop a sense of the activity or inactivity of each participant in the group.
In one or more embodiments, the virtual conference server system 108 optionally provides (e.g., based on a configurable setting for each participant) for the dock to display an indication of a present and/or away status for each participant in a group. In the example of FIG. 6, the virtual conference server system 108 at operations 626-628 provides an indication of the second participant being present or away to each of the first participant at the first client device 602 and the third participant at the third client device 606.
In one or more embodiments, any of the first, second and third participants may select to enter into a focus mode, to mute all audio indicating the change in presence with respect to participants. For example, this mode may be toggled via a user-selectable button within each respective dock. In response to user selection of this button by a particular participant, the virtual conference server system 108 causes the recreated keyboard and mouse sounds for that particular participant to be muted.
Thus, the virtual conferencing system 100 provides for configuring a virtual working environment with groups of participants (e.g., employees). Each group may correspond to participants who are proximate or otherwise closely related (e.g., on a same team/group) in a virtual workspace. The virtual conference client 104, running on the client device 102 of a given participant (e.g., the second participant), gathers interaction data relating to the presence of the given participant at their respective device (e.g., the second client device 604). The virtual conferencing system 100 determines, from the interaction data, a change of presence of the given participant with respect to their device. The virtual conferencing system 100 provides ambient effects, including audio indicating the change in the participant's presence, to the other participants of the group.
By virtue of the foregoing, the virtual conferencing system 100 provides for increased user engagement with respect to participating in a virtual working environment. Moreover, the virtual conferencing system 100 facilitates participant interaction, for example, by enabling participants to observe co-worker changes in presence (e.g., when they leave and return to their desk/device). The virtual conferencing system 100 facilitates creation of virtual working environments, thereby saving time for the user, and reducing computational resources/processing power for the virtual conferencing system 100.
FIG. 7 illustrates a desktop display 700 in which a sound to indicate a participant's change in presence is provided to other participants within a virtual working environment, in accordance with some example embodiments. As noted above, the virtual working environment system 210 provides an indication (e.g., the presence indicator 704) of a participant being idle/active within the dock 702.
The presence indicator 704 may be updated in real-time as the virtual conference server system 108 determines a switch of status with respect a participant being idle or active. For example, the presence indicator 704 may display that a participant “is back” with a presence change from away to present, and that a participant “has stepped away” with a presence change from present to away. As noted above, the dock may include a group interface for viewing, modifying, switching and/or otherwise managing participants of a group within the virtual working environment. In one or more embodiments, the presence indicator 704 is included as part of the group interface.
While not shown in the example of FIG. 7, the dock 702 may include additional interface elements such as, but not limited to: a reactions interface with user-selectable buttons for presenting reaction icons to the participants of the group; and additional interface element, for example, to select images (e.g., animated GIFS), present text, and/or to present other content on the desktop display 700 (e.g., in an ephemeral manner).
FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a process 800 for providing a sound to indicate a participant's change in presence at their device within a virtual working environment, in accordance with some example embodiments. For explanatory purposes, the process 800 is primarily described herein with reference to the virtual conference server system 108 of FIG. 1. However, one or more blocks (or operations) of the process 800 may be performed by one or more other components, and/or by other suitable devices. Further for explanatory purposes, the blocks (or operations) of the process 800 are described herein as occurring in serial, or linearly. However, multiple blocks (or operations) of the process 800 may occur in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the blocks (or operations) of the process 800 need not be performed in the order shown and/or one or more blocks (or operations) of the process 800 need not be performed and/or can be replaced by other operations. The process 800 may be terminated when its operations are completed. In addition, the process 800 may correspond to a method, a procedure, an algorithm, etc.
The virtual conference server system 108 receives, from a first client device of a first participant of a group of participants within a virtual working environment, interaction data relating to the first participant being present at the first client device. The group of participants was selected from among plural participants of the virtual working environment (block 802).
Prior to the receiving, the virtual conference server system 108 may provide a configuration interface for configuring the virtual working environment for the plural participants, the configuration interface for specifying groups of participants within the virtual working environment, each group comprising respective participants selected from among the plural participants. The virtual conference server system 108 may receive an indication of user input provided via the configuration interface, the user input specifying the group of participants. Each group of participants may be provided to simulate a group of co-workers in a physical office.
The virtual conference server system 108 determines, based on the interaction data, a change in presence of the first participant with respect to the first client device (block 804). The virtual conference server system 108 generates, in response to the determining, a sound corresponding to the change in presence (block 806). Generating the sound may be based on respectively positioning audio for each participant in the group of participants across a stereo field, such that the sound is audibly perceived as corresponding to the first participant.
The virtual conference server system 108 provides the generated sound to one or more second client devices of respective one or more second participants of the group of participants, for presentation on the one or more second client devices (block 808). The virtual conference server system 108 may provide, for the one or more second client devices, display of a presence indicator corresponding to the change in presence of the first participant with respect to the first client device. The virtual conference server system 108 may provide, for each participant of the plural participants, display of a transparent, full-screen window to overlay a desktop display.
The presence indicator may be presented on a dock that is displayed on the transparent, full-screen window. The virtual working environment may be implemented by a virtual conferencing system which provides for displaying the transparent, full-screen window.
FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic representation of the machine 900 within which instructions 910 (e.g., software, a program, an application, an applet, an app, or other executable code) for causing the machine 900 to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein may be executed. For example, the instructions 910 may cause the machine 900 to execute any one or more of the methods described herein. The instructions 910 transform the general, non-programmed machine 900 into a particular machine 900 programmed to carry out the described and illustrated functions in the manner described. The machine 900 may operate as a standalone device or may be coupled (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine 900 may operate in the capacity of a server machine or a client machine in a server-client network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The machine 900 may comprise, but not be limited to, a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), an entertainment media system, a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a mobile device, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch), a smart home device (e.g., a smart appliance), other smart devices, a web appliance, a network router, a network switch, a network bridge, or any machine capable of executing the instructions 910, sequentially or otherwise, that specify actions to be taken by the machine 900. Further, while only a single machine 900 is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include a collection of machines that individually or jointly execute the instructions 910 to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. The machine 900, for example, may comprise the client device 102 or any one of a number of server devices forming part of the virtual conference server system 108. In some examples, the machine 900 may also comprise both client and server systems, with certain operations of a particular method or algorithm being performed on the server-side and with certain operations of the particular method or algorithm being performed on the client-side.
The machine 900 may include processors 904, memory 906, and input/output I/O components 902, which may be configured to communicate with each other via a bus 940. In an example, the processors 904 (e.g., a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) Processor, a Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) Processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC), another processor, or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, a processor 908 and a processor 912 that execute the instructions 910. The term “processor” is intended to include multi-core processors that may comprise two or more independent processors (sometimes referred to as “cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously. Although FIG. 9 shows multiple processors 904, the machine 900 may include a single processor with a single-core, a single processor with multiple cores (e.g., a multi-core processor), multiple processors with a single core, multiple processors with multiples cores, or any combination thereof.
The memory 906 includes a main memory 914, a static memory 916, and a storage unit 918, both accessible to the processors 904 via the bus 940. The main memory 906, the static memory 916, and storage unit 918 store the instructions 910 embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 910 may also reside, completely or partially, within the main memory 914, within the static memory 916, within machine-readable medium 920 within the storage unit 918, within at least one of the processors 904 (e.g., within the Processor's cache memory), or any suitable combination thereof, during execution thereof by the machine 900.
The I/O components 902 may include a wide variety of components to receive input, provide output, produce output, transmit information, exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. The specific I/O components 902 that are included in a particular machine will depend on the type of machine. For example, portable machines such as mobile phones may include a touch input device or other such input mechanisms, while a headless server machine will likely not include such a touch input device. It will be appreciated that the I/O components 902 may include many other components that are not shown in FIG. 9. In various examples, the I/O components 902 may include user output components 926 and user input components 928. The user output components 926 may include visual components (e.g., a display such as a plasma display panel (PDP), a light-emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), acoustic components (e.g., speakers), haptic components (e.g., a vibratory motor, resistance mechanisms), other signal generators, and so forth. The user input components 928 may include alphanumeric input components (e.g., a keyboard, a touch screen configured to receive alphanumeric input, a photo-optical keyboard, or other alphanumeric input components), point-based input components (e.g., a mouse, a touchpad, a trackball, a joystick, a motion sensor, or another pointing instrument), tactile input components (e.g., a physical button, a touch screen that provides location and force of touches or touch gestures, or other tactile input components), audio input components (e.g., a microphone), and the like.
In further examples, the I/O components 902 may include biometric components 930, motion components 932, environmental components 934, or position components 936, among a wide array of other components. For example, the biometric components 930 include components to detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facial expressions, vocal expressions, body gestures, or eye-tracking), measure biosignals (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, perspiration, or brain waves), identify a person (e.g., voice identification, retinal identification, facial identification, fingerprint identification, or electroencephalogram-based identification), and the like. The motion components 932 include acceleration sensor components (e.g., accelerometer), gravitation sensor components, rotation sensor components (e.g., gyroscope).
The environmental components 934 include, for example, one or cameras (with still image/photograph and video capabilities), illumination sensor components (e.g., photometer), temperature sensor components (e.g., one or more thermometers that detect ambient temperature), humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components (e.g., barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or more microphones that detect background noise), proximity sensor components (e.g., infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gas sensors (e.g., gas detection sensors to detection concentrations of hazardous gases for safety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere), or other components that may provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding to a surrounding physical environment.
With respect to cameras, the client device 102 may have a camera system comprising, for example, front cameras on a front surface of the client device 102 and rear cameras on a rear surface of the client device 102. The front cameras may, for example, be used to capture still images and video of a user of the client device 102 (e.g., “selfies”), which may then be augmented with augmentation data (e.g., filters) described above. The rear cameras may, for example, be used to capture still images and videos in a more traditional camera mode, with these images similarly being augmented with augmentation data. In addition to front and rear cameras, the client device 102 may also include a 360° camera for capturing 360° photographs and videos.
Further, the camera system of a client device 102 may include dual rear cameras (e.g., a primary camera as well as a depth-sensing camera), or even triple, quad or penta rear camera configurations on the front and rear sides of the client device 102. These multiple cameras systems may include a wide camera, an ultra-wide camera, a telephoto camera, a macro camera and a depth sensor, for example.
The position components 936 include location sensor components (e.g., a GPS receiver component), altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters or barometers that detect air pressure from which altitude may be derived), orientation sensor components (e.g., magnetometers), and the like.
Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies. The I/O components 902 further include communication components 938 operable to couple the machine 900 to a network 922 or devices 924 via respective coupling or connections. For example, the communication components 938 may include a network interface Component or another suitable device to interface with the network 922. In further examples, the communication components 938 may include wired communication components, wireless communication components, cellular communication components, Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components to provide communication via other modalities. The devices 924 may be another machine or any of a wide variety of peripheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a USB).
Moreover, the communication components 938 may detect identifiers or include components operable to detect identifiers. For example, the communication components 938 may include Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detection components, optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detect one-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code, multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Aztec code, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2D bar code, and other optical codes), or acoustic detection components (e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). In addition, a variety of information may be derived via the communication components 938, such as location via Internet Protocol (IP) geolocation, location via Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting an NFC beacon signal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth.
The various memories (e.g., main memory 914, static memory 916, and memory of the processors 904) and storage unit 918 may store one or more sets of instructions and data structures (e.g., software) embodying or used by any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. These instructions (e.g., the instructions 910), when executed by processors 904, cause various operations to implement the disclosed examples.
The instructions 910 may be transmitted or received over the network 922, using a transmission medium, via a network interface device (e.g., a network interface component included in the communication components 938) and using any one of several well-known transfer protocols (e.g., hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)). Similarly, the instructions 910 may be transmitted or received using a transmission medium via a coupling (e.g., a peer-to-peer coupling) to the devices 924.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram 1000 illustrating a software architecture 1004, which can be installed on any one or more of the devices described herein. The software architecture 1004 is supported by hardware such as a machine 1002 that includes processors 1020, memory 1026, and I/O components 1038. In this example, the software architecture 1004 can be conceptualized as a stack of layers, where each layer provides a particular functionality. The software architecture 1004 includes layers such as an operating system 1012, libraries 1010, frameworks 1008, and applications 1006. Operationally, the applications 1006 invoke API calls 1050 through the software stack and receive messages 1052 in response to the API calls 1050.
The operating system 1012 manages hardware resources and provides common services. The operating system 1012 includes, for example, a kernel 1014, services 1016, and drivers 1022. The kernel 1014 acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the other software layers. For example, the kernel 1014 provides memory management, processor management (e.g., scheduling), component management, networking, and security settings, among other functionality. The services 1016 can provide other common services for the other software layers. The drivers 1022 are responsible for controlling or interfacing with the underlying hardware. For instance, the drivers 1022 can include display drivers, camera drivers, BLUETOOTH® or BLUETOOTH® Low Energy drivers, flash memory drivers, serial communication drivers (e.g., USB drivers), WI-FI® drivers, audio drivers, power management drivers, and so forth.
The libraries 1010 provide a common low-level infrastructure used by the applications 1006. The libraries 1010 can include system libraries 1018 (e.g., C standard library) that provide functions such as memory allocation functions, string manipulation functions, mathematic functions, and the like. In addition, the libraries 1010 can include API libraries 1024 such as media libraries (e.g., libraries to support presentation and manipulation of various media formats such as Moving Picture Experts Group-4 (MPEG4), Advanced Video Coding (H.264 or AVC), Moving Picture Experts Group Layer-3 (MP3), Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) audio codec, Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG or JPG), or Portable Network Graphics (PNG)), graphics libraries (e.g., an OpenGL framework used to render in two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D) in a graphic content on a display), database libraries (e.g., SQLite to provide various relational database functions), web libraries (e.g., WebKit to provide web browsing functionality), and the like. The libraries 1010 can also include a wide variety of other libraries 1028 to provide many other APIs to the applications 1006.
The frameworks 1008 provide a common high-level infrastructure that is used by the applications 1006. For example, the frameworks 1008 provide various graphical user interface (GUI) functions, high-level resource management, and high-level location services. The frameworks 1008 can provide a broad spectrum of other APIs that can be used by the applications 1006, some of which may be specific to a particular operating system or platform.
In an example, the applications 1006 may include a home application 1036, a contacts application 1030, a browser application 1032, a book reader application 1034, a location application 1042, a media application 1044, a messaging application 1046, a game application 1048, and a broad assortment of other applications such as a third-party application 1040. The applications 1006 are programs that execute functions defined in the programs. Various programming languages can be employed to create one or more of the applications 1006, structured in a variety of manners, such as object-oriented programming languages (e.g., Objective-C, Java, or C++) or procedural programming languages (e.g., C or assembly language). In a specific example, the third-party application 1040 (e.g., an application developed using the ANDROID™ or IOS™ software development kit (SDK) by an entity other than the vendor of the particular platform) may be mobile software running on a mobile operating system such as IOS™, ANDROID™, WINDOWS® Phone, or another mobile operating system. In this example, the third-party application 1040 can invoke the API calls 1050 provided by the operating system 1012 to facilitate functionality described herein.
Glossary
“Carrier signal” refers to any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such instructions. Instructions may be transmitted or received over a network using a transmission medium via a network interface device.
“Client device” refers to any machine that interfaces to a communications network to obtain resources from one or more server systems or other client devices. A client device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, desktop computer, laptop, portable digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, tablets, ultrabooks, netbooks, laptops, multi-processor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, game consoles, set-top boxes, or any other communication device that a user may use to access a network.
“Communication network” refers to one or more portions of a network that may be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), the Internet, a portion of the Internet, a portion of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a plain old telephone service (POTS) network, a cellular telephone network, a wireless network, a Wi-Fi® network, another type of network, or a combination of two or more such networks. For example, a network or a portion of a network may include a wireless or cellular network and the coupling may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) connection, a Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) connection, or other types of cellular or wireless coupling. In this example, the coupling may implement any of a variety of types of data transfer technology, such as Single Carrier Radio Transmission Technology (1×RTT), Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO) technology, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) technology, third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourth generation wireless (4G) networks, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard, others defined by various standard-setting organizations, other long-range protocols, or other data transfer technology.
“Component” refers to a device, physical entity, or logic having boundaries defined by function or subroutine calls, branch points, APIs, or other technologies that provide for the partitioning or modularization of particular processing or control functions. Components may be combined via their interfaces with other components to carry out a machine process. A component may be a packaged functional hardware unit designed for use with other components and a part of a program that usually performs a particular function of related functions. Components may constitute either software components (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readable medium) or hardware components. A “hardware component” is a tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain physical manner. In various examples, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone computer system, a client computer system, or a server computer system) or one or more hardware components of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a group of processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application or application portion) as a hardware component that operates to perform certain operations as described herein. A hardware component may also be implemented mechanically, electronically, or any suitable combination thereof. For example, a hardware component may include dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured to perform certain operations. A hardware component may be a special-purpose processor, such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). A hardware component may also include programmable logic or circuitry that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. For example, a hardware component may include software executed by a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor. Once configured by such software, hardware components become specific machines (or specific components of a machine) uniquely tailored to perform the configured functions and are no longer general-purpose processors. It will be appreciated that the decision to implement a hardware component mechanically, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software), may be driven by cost and time considerations. Accordingly, the phrase “hardware component” (or “hardware-implemented component”) should be understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certain operations described herein. Considering examples in which hardware components are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of the hardware components need not be configured or instantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where a hardware component comprises a general-purpose processor configured by software to become a special-purpose processor, the general-purpose processor may be configured as respectively different special-purpose processors (e.g., comprising different hardware components) at different times. Software accordingly configures a particular processor or processors, for example, to constitute a particular hardware component at one instance of time and to constitute a different hardware component at a different instance of time. Hardware components can provide information to, and receive information from, other hardware components. Accordingly, the described hardware components may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiple hardware components exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) between or among two or more of the hardware components. In examples in which multiple hardware components are configured or instantiated at different times, communications between such hardware components may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiple hardware components have access. For example, one hardware component may perform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memory device to which it is communicatively coupled. A further hardware component may then, at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process the stored output. Hardware components may also initiate communications with input or output devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection of information). The various operations of example methods described herein may be performed, at least partially, by one or more processors that are temporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured to perform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanently configured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented components that operate to perform one or more operations or functions described herein. As used herein, “processor-implemented component” refers to a hardware component implemented using one or more processors. Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partially processor-implemented, with a particular processor or processors being an example of hardware. For example, at least some of the operations of a method may be performed by one or more processors or processor-implemented components. Moreover, the one or more processors may also operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a “software as a service” (SaaS). For example, at least some of the operations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples of machines including processors), with these operations being accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., an API). The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed among the processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some examples, the processors or processor-implemented components may be located in a single geographic location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment, or a server farm). In other examples, the processors or processor-implemented components may be distributed across a number of geographic locations.
“Computer-readable storage medium” refers to both machine-storage media and transmission media. Thus, the terms include both storage devices/media and carrier waves/modulated data signals. The terms “machine-readable medium,” “computer-readable medium” and “device-readable medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure.
“Machine storage medium” refers to a single or multiple storage devices and media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and associated caches and servers) that store executable instructions, routines and data. The term shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media, including memory internal or external to processors. Specific examples of machine-storage media, computer-storage media and device-storage media include non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), FPGA, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks The terms “machine-storage medium,” “device-storage medium,” “computer-storage medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure. The terms “machine-storage media,” “computer-storage media,” and “device-storage media” specifically exclude carrier waves, modulated data signals, and other such media, at least some of which are covered under the term “signal medium.”
“Non-transitory computer-readable storage medium” refers to a tangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying the instructions for execution by a machine.
“Signal medium” refers to any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying the instructions for execution by a machine and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of software or data. The term “signal medium” shall be taken to include any form of a modulated data signal, carrier wave, and so forth. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a matter as to encode information in the signal. The terms “transmission medium” and “signal medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure.
