Oculus Patent | Black Duty Insertion Mode Liquid Crystal Display For Virtual Reality

Patent: Black Duty Insertion Mode Liquid Crystal Display For Virtual Reality

Publication Number: 20170287408

Publication Date: 20171005

Applicants: Oculus

Abstract

A head mounted display (HMD) includes a display device that uses a black duty insertion mode. The display device includes a liquid crystal (LC) panel, a back light unit (BLU), and a data driver. In the black duty insertion mode, the BLU emits light during a portion of a frame period and does not emit light during a remaining portion of the frame period. The data driver writes data to the LC panel such that liquid crystal material in the LC panel transitions during the frame period including the portion of the frame period that the BLU emits light. The portion of the frame period the BLU emits light is less than half of the frame period and may be 20% or less of the frame period.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/317,383 filed on Apr. 1, 2016 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/325,920 filed on Apr. 21, 2016, both of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.

BACKGROUND

[0002] The present disclosure generally relates to enhancing a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) for use in a virtual reality (VR), mixed reality, or augmented reality (AR) system.

SUMMARY

[0003] A display device includes a liquid crystal (LC) panel, a back light unit (BLU) configured to emit light, and a data driver configured to write data to the LC panel. The BLU emits light during a portion of a frame period and does not emit light during a remaining portion of the frame period. The data driver writes data to the LC panel such that liquid crystal material in the LC panel transitions during the frame period including the portion of the frame period that the BLU emits light. The data driver may write data to the LC panel during a beginning portion of the frame period. The portion of the frame period the BLU emits light is less than half of the frame period and may be 20% or less of the frame period.

[0004] In one embodiment, the LC panel comprises a plurality of rows of pixels and the data driver writes display data to the LC panel from a first row to a last row of the pixels during the frame period. The portion of the frame period the BLU emits light is at an end portion of the frame period.

[0005] In one aspect, the data driver writes data to a row of the pixels between the first row and the last row of the pixels of the LC panel during the remaining portion of the frame period the BLU does not emit light. The data driver may write data to the last row of the pixels of the LC panel during the remaining portion of the frame period the BLU does not emit light.

[0006] In another aspect, the liquid crystal material in a row of the pixels between the first row and the last row of the pixels of the LC panel transitions during the portion of the frame period the BLU emits light. The liquid crystal material in the last row of the pixels of the LC panel may transition during the portion of the frame period the BLU emits light.

[0007] In an aspect, a controller is coupled to the data driver and the BLU. The controller applies a first control signal to the data driver to write data to a plurality of rows of the LC panel during the frame period. The controller applies a second control signal to the BLU to emit light during the portion of the frame period and to not emit light during the remaining portion of the frame period.

[0008] In another embodiment, the data driver writes data to the LC panel during a first portion of the frame period such that liquid crystal material in the LC panel transitions during the portion of the frame period the BLU emits light. The first portion of the frame period is contained in the remaining portion of the frame period. The portion of the frame period the BLU emits light is less than half of the frame period. The portion of the frame period the BLU emits light is 20% or less of the frame period.

[0009] In an aspect, the LC panel comprises a plurality of rows of pixels and the data driver writes display data to the LC panel from a first row to a last row of the pixels during the first portion of the frame period and the portion of the frame period the BLU emits light is at an end portion of the frame period. The liquid crystal material in a row of the pixels between the first row and including the last row of the pixels of the LC panel transitions during the portion of the frame period the BLU emits light.

[0010] In an aspect, a controller coupled to the data driver and the BLU applies a first control signal to the data driver to write data to a plurality of rows of the LC panel during the first portion of the frame period and applies a second control signal to the BLU to emit light during the portion of the frame period and to not emit light during the remaining portion of the frame period.

[0011] In another embodiment, the display device includes a LC panel, a data driver configured to write data to the LC panel, a BLU configured to emit light, and a controller coupled to the data driver and the BLU. The controller controls the data driver to write data to a plurality of rows of the LC panel during a frame period from a frame period start time to a write period end time and instructs the BLU to emit light from an illumination start time to the frame period end time, the illumination start time occurring after the write period end time and at a predetermined timing between the frame period start time and the frame period end time, wherein liquid crystal material in the LC panel transitions after the illumination start time and before the frame period end time. The illumination start time occurs during a last 20% of the frame period. In one example, the frame period is 11 milliseconds, and illumination start time is 2 milliseconds before the frame period end time.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system environment including a virtual reality system, in accordance with an embodiment.

[0013] FIG. 2A is a diagram of a virtual reality headset, in accordance with an embodiment.

[0014] FIG. 2B is a cross section of a front rigid body of the VR headset in FIG. 2A, in accordance with an embodiment.

[0015] FIG. 3A is a top view of an example electronic display, in accordance with an embodiment.

[0016] FIG. 3B is a cross section of an example electronic display, in accordance with an embodiment.

[0017] FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C are diagrams illustrating a frame cycle of an LCD in black duty insertion mode, in accordance with an embodiment.

[0018] The figures depict embodiments of the present disclosure for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles, or benefits touted, of the disclosure described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

System Overview

[0019] In a black duty insertion (BDI) LCD operating mode according to embodiments herein, image data is loaded to the pixels of the LCD using regular rolling mode from top to bottom over the whole frame time and the backlight unit (BLU) is illuminated for only a portion of the frame time (e.g., 20%), for example at the end of the frame time, to display the entire pixels of the display. LCDs require a certain amount of time to change states. For VR, the display typically performs all functionality within a single frame to receive the data and perform illumination. This places significant restrictions on the system due to data readout time and the necessity to illuminate the display. For VR, a conventional LCD operation mode (e.g., rolling mode that scans and illuminates row by row) might not work optimally. Instead, the BDI mode is implemented by allowing the data to be scanned and LCs to be transitioned over the entire frame time, and the BLU illuminated for only a small portion of the frame time (e.g., last 20% of the frame). The BLU might be illuminated before the entire image data is scanned out and data voltages corresponding to image data are charged to the pixels or LCs corresponding to the entire image data complete their transition thereby including some compromised pixels when the BLU is illuminated. Even though the image quality might degrade a little due to such compromised pixels, the BDI mode offers an advantage that a lower data bandwidth is needed for data scan out thereby relaxing the specifications for LC switching time (i.e., being able to use lower speed LCDs).

[0020] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a virtual reality (VR) system environment 100 in which a VR console 110 operates. The system environment 100 shown by FIG. 1 comprises a VR headset 105, an imaging device 135, and a VR input interface 140 that are each coupled to the VR console 110. While FIG. 1 shows an example system 100 including one VR headset 105, one imaging device 135, and one VR input interface 140, in other embodiments any number of these components may be included in the system 100. For example, there may be multiple VR headsets 105 each having an associated VR input interface 140 and being monitored by one or more imaging devices 135, with each VR headset 105, VR input interface 140, and imaging devices 135 communicating with the VR console 110. In alternative configurations, different and/or additional components may be included in the system environment 100.

[0021] The VR headset 105 is a head-mounted display that presents media to a user. Examples of media presented by the VR head set include one or more images, video, audio, or some combination thereof. In some embodiments, audio is presented via an external device (e.g., speakers and/or headphones) that receives audio information from the VR headset 105, the VR console 110, or both, and presents audio data based on the audio information. An embodiment of the VR headset 105 is further described below in conjunction with FIGS. 2A and 2B. The VR headset 105 may comprise one or more rigid bodies, which may be rigidly or non-rigidly coupled to each other together. A rigid coupling between rigid bodies causes the coupled rigid bodies to act as a single rigid entity. In contrast, a non-rigid coupling between rigid bodies allows the rigid bodies to move relative to each other.

[0022] The VR headset 105 includes an electronic display 115, an optics block 118, one or more locators 120, one or more position sensors 125, and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) 130. The electronic display 115 displays images to the user in accordance with data received from the VR console 110. In various embodiments, the electronic display 115 may comprise a single electronic display or multiple electronic displays (e.g., an electronic display for each eye of a user).

[0023] An electronic display 115 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, an active-matrix organic light-emitting diode display (AMOLED), a TOLED, some other display, or some combination thereof.

[0024] The optics block 118 magnifies received light from the electronic display 115, corrects optical errors associated with the image light, and the corrected image light is presented to a user of the VR headset 105. An optical element may be an aperture, a Fresnel lens, a convex lens, a concave lens, a filter, or any other suitable optical element that affects the image light emitted from the electronic display 115. Moreover, the optics block 118 may include combinations of different optical elements. In some embodiments, one or more of the optical elements in the optics block 118 may have one or more coatings, such as anti-reflective coatings.

[0025] Magnification of the image light by the optics block 118 allows the electronic display 115 to be physically smaller, weigh less, and consume less power than larger displays. Additionally, magnification may increase a field of view of the displayed media. For example, the field of view of the displayed media is such that the displayed media is presented using almost all (e.g., 110 degrees diagonal), and in some cases all, of the user’s field of view. In some embodiments, the optics block 118 is designed so its effective focal length is larger than the spacing to the electronic display 115, which magnifies the image light projected by the electronic display 115. Additionally, in some embodiments, the amount of magnification may be adjusted by adding or removing optical elements.

[0026] The optics block 118 may be designed to correct one or more types of optical error. Examples of optical error include: two dimensional optical errors, three dimensional optical errors, or some combination thereof. Two dimensional errors are optical aberrations that occur in two dimensions. Example types of two dimensional errors include: barrel distortion, pincushion distortion, longitudinal chromatic aberration, transverse chromatic aberration, or any other type of two-dimensional optical error. Three dimensional errors are optical errors that occur in three dimensions. Example types of three dimensional errors include spherical aberration, comatic aberration, field curvature, astigmatism, or any other type of three-dimensional optical error. In some embodiments, content provided to the electronic display 115 for display is pre-distorted, and the optics block 118 corrects the distortion when it receives image light from the electronic display 115 generated based on the content.

[0027] The locators 120 are objects located in specific positions on the VR headset 105 relative to one another and relative to a specific reference point on the VR headset 105. A locator 120 may be a light emitting diode (LED), a corner cube reflector, a reflective marker, a type of light source that contrasts with an environment in which the VR headset 105 operates, or some combination thereof In embodiments where the locators 120 are active (i.e., an LED or other type of light emitting device), the locators 120 may emit light in the visible band (.about.380 nm to 750 nm), in the infrared (IR) band (.about.750 nm to 1 mm), in the ultraviolet band (10 nm to 380 nm), some other portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, or some combination thereof.

[0028] In some embodiments, the locators 120 are located beneath an outer surface of the VR headset 105, which is transparent to the wavelengths of light emitted or reflected by the locators 120 or is thin enough not to substantially attenuate the wavelengths of light emitted or reflected by the locators 120. Additionally, in some embodiments, the outer surface or other portions of the VR headset 105 are opaque in the visible band of wavelengths of light. Thus, the locators 120 may emit light in the IR band under an outer surface that is transparent in the IR band but opaque in the visible band.

[0029] The IMU 130 is an electronic device that generates fast calibration data based on measurement signals received from one or more of the position sensors 125. A position sensor 125 generates one or more measurement signals in response to motion of the VR headset 105. Examples of position sensors 125 include: one or more accelerometers, one or more gyroscopes, one or more magnetometers, another suitable type of sensor that detects motion, a type of sensor used for error correction of the IMU 130, or some combination thereof. The position sensors 125 may be located external to the IMU 130, internal to the IMU 130, or some combination thereof.

[0030] Based on the one or more measurement signals from one or more position sensors 125, the IMU 130 generates fast calibration data indicating an estimated position of the VR headset 105 relative to an initial position of the VR headset 105. For example, the position sensors 125 include multiple accelerometers to measure translational motion (forward/back, up/down, left/right) and multiple gyroscopes to measure rotational motion (e.g., pitch, yaw, roll). In some embodiments, the IMU 130 rapidly samples the measurement signals and calculates the estimated position of the VR headset 105 from the sampled data. For example, the IMU 130 integrates the measurement signals received from the accelerometers over time to estimate a velocity vector and integrates the velocity vector over time to determine an estimated position of a reference point on the VR headset 105. Alternatively, the IMU 130 provides the sampled measurement signals to the VR console 110, which determines the fast calibration data. The reference point is a point that may be used to describe the position of the VR headset 105. While the reference point may generally be defined as a point in space; however, in practice the reference point is defined as a point within the VR headset 105 (e.g., a center of the IMU 130).

[0031] The IMU 130 receives one or more calibration parameters from the VR console 110. As further discussed below, the one or more calibration parameters are used to maintain tracking of the VR headset 105. Based on a received calibration parameter, the IMU 130 may adjust one or more IMU parameters (e.g., sample rate). In some embodiments, certain calibration parameters cause the IMU 130 to update an initial position of the reference point so it corresponds to a next calibrated position of the reference point. Updating the initial position of the reference point as the next calibrated position of the reference point helps reduce accumulated error associated with the determined estimated position. The accumulated error, also referred to as drift error, causes the estimated position of the reference point to “drift” away from the actual position of the reference point over time.

[0032] The imaging device 135 generates slow calibration data in accordance with calibration parameters received from the VR console 110. Slow calibration data includes one or more images showing observed positions of the locators 120 that are detectable by the imaging device 135. The imaging device 135 may include one or more cameras, one or more video cameras, any other device capable of capturing images including one or more of the locators 120, or some combination thereof. Additionally, the imaging device 135 may include one or more filters (e.g., used to increase signal to noise ratio). The imaging device 135 is configured to detect light emitted or reflected from locators 120 in a field of view of the imaging device 135. In embodiments where the locators 120 include passive elements (e.g., a retroreflector), the imaging device 135 may include a light source that illuminates some or all of the locators 120, which retro-reflect the light towards the light source in the imaging device 135. Slow calibration data is communicated from the imaging device 135 to the VR console 110, and the imaging device 135 receives one or more calibration parameters from the VR console 110 to adjust one or more imaging parameters (e.g., focal length, focus, frame rate, ISO, sensor temperature, shutter speed, aperture, etc.).

[0033] The VR input interface 140 is a device that allows a user to send action requests to the VR console 110. An action request is a request to perform a particular action. For example, an action request may be to start or end an application or to perform a particular action within the application. The VR input interface 140 may include one or more input devices. Example input devices include: a keyboard, a mouse, a game controller, or any other suitable device for receiving action requests and communicating the received action requests to the VR console 110. An action request received by the VR input interface 140 is communicated to the VR console 110, which performs an action corresponding to the action request. In some embodiments, the VR input interface 140 may provide haptic feedback to the user in accordance with instructions received from the VR console 110. For example, haptic feedback is provided when an action request is received, or the VR console 110 communicates instructions to the VR input interface 140 causing the VR input interface 140 to generate haptic feedback when the VR console 110 performs an action.

[0034] The VR console 110 provides media to the VR headset 105 for presentation to the user in accordance with information received from one or more of: the imaging device 135, the VR headset 105, and the VR input interface 140. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the VR console 110 includes an application store 145, a tracking module 150, and a virtual reality (VR) engine 155. Some embodiments of the VR console 110 have different modules than those described in conjunction with FIG. 1. Similarly, the functions further described below may be distributed among components of the VR console 110 in a different manner than is described here.

[0035] The application store 145 stores one or more applications for execution by the VR console 110. An application is a group of instructions, that when executed by a processor, generates content for presentation to the user. Content generated by an application may be in response to inputs received from the user via movement of the HR headset 105 or the VR interface device 140. Examples of applications include: gaming applications, conferencing applications, video playback application, or other suitable applications.

[0036] The tracking module 150 calibrates the VR system 100 using one or more calibration parameters and may adjust one or more calibration parameters to reduce error in determination of the position of the VR headset 105. For example, the tracking module 150 adjusts the focus of the imaging device 135 to obtain a more accurate position for observed locators on the VR headset 105. Moreover, calibration performed by the tracking module 150 also accounts for information received from the IMU 130. Additionally, if tracking of the VR headset 105 is lost (e.g., the imaging device 135 loses line of sight of at least a threshold number of the locators 120), the tracking module 140 re-calibrates some or all of the system environment 100.

[0037] The tracking module 150 tracks movements of the VR headset 105 using slow calibration information from the imaging device 135. The tracking module 150 determines positions of a reference point of the VR headset 105 using observed locators from the slow calibration information and a model of the VR headset 105. The tracking module 150 also determines positions of a reference point of the VR headset 105 using position information from the fast calibration information. Additionally, in some embodiments, the tracking module 150 may use portions of the fast calibration information, the slow calibration information, or some combination thereof, to predict a future location of the headset 105. The tracking module 150 provides the estimated or predicted future position of the VR headset 105 to the VR engine 155.

[0038] The VR engine 155 executes applications within the system environment 100 and receives position information, acceleration information, velocity information, predicted future positions, or some combination thereof of the VR headset 105 from the tracking module 150. Based on the received information, the VR engine 155 determines content to provide to the VR headset 105 for presentation to the user. For example, if the received information indicates that the user has looked to the left, the VR engine 155 generates content for the VR headset 105 that mirrors the user’s movement in a virtual environment. Additionally, the VR engine 155 performs an action within an application executing on the VR console 110 in response to an action request received from the VR input interface 140 and provides feedback to the user that the action was performed. The provided feedback may be visual or audible feedback via the VR headset 105 or haptic feedback via the VR input interface 140.

[0039] FIG. 2A is a diagram of a virtual reality (VR) headset, in accordance with an embodiment. The VR headset 200 is an embodiment of the VR headset 105, and includes a front rigid body 205 and a band 210. The front rigid body 205 includes an electronic display 115, the IMU 130, the one or more position sensors 125, and the locators 120. In the embodiment shown by FIG. 2A, the position sensors 125 are located within the IMU 130, and neither the IMU 130 nor the position sensors 125 are visible to the user.

[0040] The locators 120 are located in fixed positions on the front rigid body 205 relative to one another and relative to a reference point 215. In the example of FIG. 2A, the reference point 215 is located at the center of the IMU 130. Each of the locators 120 emit light that is detectable by the imaging device 135. Locators 120, or portions of locators 120, are located on a front side 220A, a top side 220B, a bottom side 220C, a right side 220D, and a left side 220E of the front rigid body 205 in the example of FIG. 2A.

[0041] FIG. 2B is a cross section 225 of the front rigid body 205 of the embodiment of a VR headset 200 shown in FIG. 2A. As shown in FIG. 2B, the front rigid body 205 includes an optical block 230 that provides altered image light to an exit pupil 250. The exit pupil 250 is the location of the front rigid body 205 where a user’s eye 245 is positioned. For purposes of illustration, FIG. 2B shows a cross section 225 associated with a single eye 245, but another optical block, separate from the optical block 230, provides altered image light to another eye of the user.

[0042] The optical block 230 includes an electronic display 115, and the optics block 118. The electronic display 115 emits image light toward the optics block 118. The optics block 118 magnifies the image light, and in some embodiments, also corrects for one or more additional optical errors (e.g., distortion, astigmatism, etc.). The optics block 118 directs the image light to the exit pupil 250 for presentation to the user.

[0043] FIG. 3A is a top view and FIG. 3B is a cross section of an electronic display 115, in accordance with an embodiment. In one embodiment, the electronic display 115 is a LCD device including a LC panel 310, BLU 320, a data driver 330, and a controller 340. The LC panel 310 covers the BLU 320 and includes a pixel area 302 comprising a plurality of rows of pixels including a first row 304 and a last row 306 of pixels. A cross section of the pixel area 302 along line 312 is shown in FIG. 3B and shows the LC panel 310 covering the BLU 320.

[0044] The BLU 320 includes a light source (not shown) that is an electrical component that generates light. The light source may comprise a plurality of light emitting components (e.g., light emitting diodes (LEDs), light bulbs, or other components for emitting light). In one aspect, intensity of light from the light source is adjusted according to a backlight control signal from the controller 340. The backlight control signal is a signal indicative of intensity of light to be output for the light source. A light source may adjust its duty cycle of or an amount of current supplied to the light emitting component (e.g., LED), according to the backlight control signal. For example, the light source may be ON for a portion of a frame time, and OFF for another portion of the frame time, according to the backlight control signal. Example operations of the BLU 320 are further described in detail below with respect to FIGS. 4A to 4C. The BLU 320 projects light from the light source towards the LC panel 310. The BLU 320 may include a light guide plate and refractive and/or reflective components for projecting light towards the LC panel 310. The light guide plate may receive light with different colors from light sources, and may project combined light including a combination of the different colors towards the LC panel 310.

[0045] The LC panel 310 includes a bottom substrate 322, a top substrate 324, and LC material 326 between the bottom and top substrates 322 and 324. Although not shown in FIG. 3B, the bottom substrate 322 may include driver pixel circuitry and transparent pixel electrodes, and the top substrate 324 may include color filters, a black matrix, and transparent conductive electrodes. Also, spacers may be used to control the spacing between the top substrate and the bottom substrate, although not shown in FIG. 3B. The LC material 326 is placed between the top and bottom substrate 322 and 324.

[0046] The data driver 330 is coupled to the LC panel 310 and writes display data to pixels in the pixel area 302 of the LC panel 310. Although shown as a separate component, the data driver 330 may be included in the LC panel 310. The data driver 330 writes the display data in a scan direction 314 from a first row 304 to a last row 306 of pixels in the pixel area 302. The display data written to a pixel may be in the form of an analog voltage that may be applied across electrodes on the bottom and/or top substrate 322 and 324 of a pixel to change the orientation of LC material 326 in the LC panel 310. The change in orientation of the LC material 326 allows a portion of the light from the BLU 320 to reach a user’s eye 245.

[0047] The controller 340 is a circuit component that receives an input image data and generates control signals for driving the data driver 330 and BLU 320. The input image data may correspond to an image or a frame of a video in a VR and/or AR application. The controller 340 instructs the data driver 330 to write data to the LC panel 310 to control an amount of light from the BLU 320 to the exit pupil 250 through the LC material 326. The controller 340 generates the backlight control signal for turning ON or OFF the BLU 320, as described in more detail for FIG. 4A. In other embodiments, the electronic display 115 includes different, more or fewer components than shown in FIG. 3A and 3B. For example, the electronic display 115 may include a polarizer and a light diffusing component.

Black Duty Insertion Mode for LCDs in VR Headset

[0048] The electronic display 115 in a VR headset has certain requirements such as a short duty cycle to prevent image streaking and short illumination times to reduce latency. While the electronic display 115 could be a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), LCDs are currently one or two orders of magnitude slower than active matrix OLED displays (AMOLEDs). The switching time associated with the liquid crystal (LC), or the amount of time required for the LC to change state, may take several milliseconds (ms), making it difficult to achieve a short duty cycle with LCDs and limiting the speed of LCDs. In addition, conventional LCD has the backlight unit (BLU) always turned on and do not have short illumination times. To improve LCD performance in a VR headset, a shorter duty cycle and illumination time may be achieved by using an alternative operating mode for LCDs such as a BDI mode according to the embodiments herein.

[0049] In the BDI mode, the entire frame time is made available for image data scan out (and charging of the pixels of the LCD accordingly) and LC state change according to the image data. In one aspect, the data driver writes data to all of the pixels of the LCD before the BLU emits light. The BLU is typically turned on for a portion (e.g., 20%) of the frame time, for example during the last 20% of the frame. For example, the portion of the frame time or frame period the BLU emits light is less than half of the frame period and may be 20% or less of the frame period. In this mode, the BLU may turn on while the image data for some of the pixels is still being scanned out for charging into the pixels or while the LC of some of the pixels is still undergoing transition according to the charged image data. The resulting image that is shown during the illumination portion of the BLU may include compromised pixels which have not completed the LC transition to the state indicated by the written image data, and old images of pixels from a previous frame which are being updated during the illumination portion of the BLU. By turning on the BLU during the final portion of the frame–as opposed to the beginning or middle portion of the frame–the number of compromised pixel may be reduced.

[0050] In a conventional rolling mode of operation, where data is scanned out row by row and the scanned rows are illuminated row by row, a black frame (e.g., BLU turned off) is inserted for a short period of time after displaying every frame of data (or after every n frames) to improve motion blur. In the BDI mode, the BLU is turned off for most of the frame time and turned on for only a portion of the frame time (e.g., last 20% of the frame). Because the BLU is turned off (i.e., showing “black” or a “dark” state) for most of the duty cycle of the frame, the mode is called a black duty insertion mode.

[0051] FIGS. 4A-4C show an example frame time for a 90 Hz LCD in BDI mode, according to one embodiment. In the example frame time shown in FIG. 4A, the allocated period for data scan out is represented from t.sub.s to t.sub.e, where t.sub.s represents start of the frame and t.sub.e represents the end of the frame. The illumination of the BLU begins at t.sub.i irrespective of whether the pixel data of the whole frame is scanned out and their corresponding LCs have transitioned, and ends at the end of the frame, t.sub.e. The LC transition time and the data scan out time are selected based on the frame rate of the LCD (e.g., 90 Hz) instead of based on the speed of the LC material or the data bandwidth used for data scan out. The illumination time for the BLU need not be set based on either the speed of the LC material or the data bandwidth used for transferring data to the pixels as long as they can handle 90 Hz refresh rate. For an example frame time of 11 ms in the BDI mode, data scan out and LC state change are allocated the entire 11 ms and the illumination time of the BLU is set to the final 2 ms of the frame time. During the illumination portion of the BLU, pixels updated during a beginning portion of the frame time (e.g., the first 3 ms) displays data that is updated and correct; pixels updated during a middle portion of the frame time (e.g., from 3 ms to 9 ms) may be in a compromised state, and pixels updated during a last portion of the frame time (e.g., the last 2 ms) may display old images from a previous frame.

[0052] In an LCD running with the BDI mode where the pixels are updated from a top row to a bottom row, the bottom rows of the LCD may display compromised or old image data. For example, FIG. 4B shows the timing diagram corresponding to the first row of pixels of the LCD. As shown in FIG. 4B, image data for the first row is scanned out at the beginning of the frame time (i.e., closer to time t.sub.s). The LCs corresponding to the first row of pixels begin changing their state as soon as the data scan out is complete and finish their transition earlier than the end of the allocated LC state change time budget (i.e., earlier than time t.sub.e). FIG. 4C shows the timing diagram corresponding to the last row of pixels of the LCD. As shown in FIG. 4C, image data for the last row is scanned out later in the frame time such that the LCs corresponding to the last row of pixels finish their transition closer to the end of the allocated LC state change time budget (i.e., closer to time t.sub.e). As shown in FIG. 4B, the BLU illumination begins before all LCs corresponding to the last row of pixels have completed their transitions (i.e., at time t) thereby resulting in some compromised pixels. The data scan out and LC state change for all other rows of pixels occurs at times that are in between the use cases described for the first row (i.e., FIG. 4B) and the last row (i.e., FIG. 4C).

[0053] Displaying some amount of compromised or old image data is acceptable as human eyes might not perceive such difference. In addition, the user’s eyes typically view the central portion of the display while viewing content using a VR headset and the other portions of the display (e.g., corresponding to the bottom rows) are part of the user’s peripheral vision. Because compromised image data is typically confined to the bottom rows of the LCD that reside within the user’s peripheral vision, degradation of quality due to such compromised data might not affect the user’s viewing experience.

[0054] The BDI mode provides low image persistence as the BLU is turned on for only a small portion of the frame time (e.g., 20%). The BDI mode offers advantages that lower data bandwidth is needed for data scan out and specifications for LC switching time may be relaxed. Since data scan out and LC state are allowed to occur in the BDI mode over the entire frame time, the specifications for LC switching time and data bandwidth may be relaxed.

Additional Configuration Information

[0055] The foregoing description of the embodiments has been presented for the purpose of illustration; it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the patent rights to the precise forms disclosed. Persons skilled in the relevant art can appreciate that many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above disclosure.

[0056] The language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and it may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter. It is therefore intended that the scope of the patent rights be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by any claims that issue on an application based hereon. Accordingly, the disclosure of the embodiments is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the patent rights, which is set forth in the following claims.